Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following bacteria is Gram negative and motile?
Which of the following bacteria is Gram negative and motile?
- Vibrio cholerae (correct)
- Clostridium tetani
- Escherichia coli
- Yersinia pestis
What is the basis for dividing bacteria into groups using Gram staining?
What is the basis for dividing bacteria into groups using Gram staining?
- Inclusions
- Thick or thin peptidoglycan layer (murein) (correct)
- Capsule
- Outer lipopolysaccharide membrane
Which stain is used for the microscopical diagnosis of tuberculosis?
Which stain is used for the microscopical diagnosis of tuberculosis?
- Giemsa stain
- Methylene blue stain
- Gram stain
- Ziehl-Neelsen stain (correct)
What is the method of choice for detecting motile bacteria?
What is the method of choice for detecting motile bacteria?
What is meant by a 'species of bacteria'?
What is meant by a 'species of bacteria'?
Which of the following bacteria is arranged in grape-like clusters?
Which of the following bacteria is arranged in grape-like clusters?
Which disease is characterized by incomplete phagocytosis?
Which disease is characterized by incomplete phagocytosis?
Which antibiotic inhibits the synthesis of peptidoglycan layers by preventing cross-linkage?
Which antibiotic inhibits the synthesis of peptidoglycan layers by preventing cross-linkage?
What is the mechanism of gene transfer that involves bacteriophages?
What is the mechanism of gene transfer that involves bacteriophages?
What is a characteristic of bacteriophages?
What is a characteristic of bacteriophages?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of bacteriophages?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of bacteriophages?
What is the primary method used for laboratory diagnosis of staphylococcal infection?
What is the primary method used for laboratory diagnosis of staphylococcal infection?
Which microorganism produces a toxin that acts on protein synthesis?
Which microorganism produces a toxin that acts on protein synthesis?
What is the soluble factor of innate antiviral immunity?
What is the soluble factor of innate antiviral immunity?
Which biopreparation is used for passive specific prophylaxis of infectious diseases?
Which biopreparation is used for passive specific prophylaxis of infectious diseases?
Which bacterium is commonly used in probiotic preparations?
Which bacterium is commonly used in probiotic preparations?
Which immunoglobulin ensures local immunity?
Which immunoglobulin ensures local immunity?
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Study Notes
Bacterial Characteristics
- Clostridium tetani: Gram positive rods with terminal spores
- Escherichia coli: Gram negative motile rods arranged singly
- Vibrio cholerae: Gram negative motile curved rods
- Yersinia pestis: Gram negative non-motile rods arranged singly
Gram Staining
- Gram staining divides bacteria into groups based on the presence of a thick or thin peptidoglycan layer (murein)
Diagnosis Methods
- Microscopical diagnosis of tuberculosis: Ziehl-Neelsen stain
- Detection of motile bacteria: Darkfield microscopy
- Detection of bacteria: Brightfield microscopy of stained smears
Bacterial Species
- A species of bacteria is a group of organisms with a close genetic resemblance to one another
Pathogenesis
- Incompleted phagocytosis is typical to pathogenesis of:
- Tuberculosis
- Whooping cough
- Gas gangrene
- Diphtheria
- Tetanus
- Botulism
Gene Transfer
- Transduction: Mechanism of gene transfer involving bacteriophages
Antibiotics
- Ampicillin: Influences cell wall synthesis by inhibiting crosslinkage of peptidoglycan layers
Bacteriophages
- Bacteriophages: Are viruses infecting bacteria
Laboratory Diagnosis
- Main method for laboratory diagnosis of staphylococcal infection: Bacteriological method
- Detection of Corynebacterium diphtheriae: Acid fast stain
Toxins and Innate Immunity
- Corinebacterium diphtheriae: Produces toxin, acting on protein synthesis
- Soluble factor of innate antiviral immunity: Interferon
Biopreparations
- Biopreparation used for passive specific prophylaxis of infectious diseases: Immunoglobulins
- Biopreparation used in probiotic preparations: Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium
Immunoglobulins
- Immunoglobulin ensuring local immunity: IgA
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