Microbiology Lecture 20: RNA Viruses and Coronaviruses

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What is the genomic structure of coronaviruses?

Double-stranded RNA

Double-stranded DNA

Single-stranded (+) RNA (correct)

Single-stranded DNA

What is the primary mode of transmission of coronaviruses?

Contaminated food and water

Vector-borne transmission

Direct/indirect contact with infectious respiratory droplets (correct)

Parenteral transmission

What is the name of the coronavirus that caused severe acute respiratory syndrome in 2002-2003?

SARS-CoV (correct)

HCoV-NL63

MERS-CoV

HCoV-HKU1

What is the mortality rate of MERS-CoV?

30% Signup and view all the answers

How many new coronaviruses have been discovered in the human population since 2000?

5 Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the coronavirus virion?

Spherical Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common manifestation of primary human parainfluenza virus 3 (hPIV3) infection?

Severe acute laryngotracheobronchitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated age by which nearly 100% of individuals are infected with hPIV3?

Age 2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of transmission for mumps virus?

Respiratory / aerosol Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated incubation period for mumps virus?

14-18 days Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the measles vaccine that is based on a single strain?

MMR II Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated percentage of mumps virus cases that are asymptomatic?

One third Signup and view all the answers

What is the major indication for liver transplantation in patients with hepatitis C virus?

Chronic liver disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the leading cause of childhood death in developing countries?

Dehydration from rotavirus Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the RotaTeq vaccine?

Live, oral pentavalent vaccine Signup and view all the answers

What was the issue with the Rotashield vaccine?

It was associated with cases of intussusception Signup and view all the answers

What is the number of oral doses of RotaTeq vaccine administered to infants?

3 oral doses Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the trial that evaluated the safety and efficacy of RotaTeq vaccine?

Rotavirus Efficacy & Safety Trial (REST) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for the high mutation rate in RNA viruses?

The absence of a proofreading function in RNA polymerase Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Nsp14 protein in coronavirus replication?

It has a proofreading function to correct errors during replication Signup and view all the answers

How many types of influenza viruses are there?

3 Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the hemagglutinin protein in influenza viruses?

It mediates the entry of the virus into the host cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between antigenic shift and antigenic drift?

Shift involves a change in the subtype of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, while drift involves a change in the antibody binding sites Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of antigenic shift in influenza viruses?

Reassortment of segmented genomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the influenza vaccine?

To provide short-term immunity against specific strains of influenza viruses Signup and view all the answers

How many negative sense RNAs are present in the influenza virus genome?

8 Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the neuraminidase protein in influenza viruses?

It mediates the release of the virus from the host cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the average number of deaths per year in the US due to influenza-associated hospitalizations?

7,000-70,000 Signup and view all the answers

What type of virus is A/Wisconsin/67/2022 (H1N1)pdm09-like?

Influenza virus Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of hospitalization of infants less than 6 months of age?

RSV Signup and view all the answers

At what age are almost all children infected with RSV?

2-3 years Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of cases of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in the first 2 years of life are estimated to be caused by RSV?

90% Signup and view all the answers

What is the polarity of the RNA of Paramyxoviridae?

Single strand RNA (-) polarity Signup and view all the answers

According to Thompson, W., what is the mortality associated with Influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Virus in the United States?

Published in JAMA 2003 Signup and view all the answers