34 Questions
What is the genomic structure of coronaviruses?
Single-stranded (+) RNA
What is the primary mode of transmission of coronaviruses?
Direct/indirect contact with infectious respiratory droplets
What is the name of the coronavirus that caused severe acute respiratory syndrome in 2002-2003?
SARS-CoV
What is the mortality rate of MERS-CoV?
30%
How many new coronaviruses have been discovered in the human population since 2000?
5
What is the shape of the coronavirus virion?
Spherical
What is the most common manifestation of primary human parainfluenza virus 3 (hPIV3) infection?
Severe acute laryngotracheobronchitis
What is the estimated age by which nearly 100% of individuals are infected with hPIV3?
Age 2
What is the primary mode of transmission for mumps virus?
Respiratory / aerosol
What is the estimated incubation period for mumps virus?
14-18 days
What is the name of the measles vaccine that is based on a single strain?
MMR II
What is the estimated percentage of mumps virus cases that are asymptomatic?
One third
What is the major indication for liver transplantation in patients with hepatitis C virus?
Chronic liver disease
What is the leading cause of childhood death in developing countries?
Dehydration from rotavirus
What is the characteristic of the RotaTeq vaccine?
Live, oral pentavalent vaccine
What was the issue with the Rotashield vaccine?
It was associated with cases of intussusception
What is the number of oral doses of RotaTeq vaccine administered to infants?
3 oral doses
What is the name of the trial that evaluated the safety and efficacy of RotaTeq vaccine?
Rotavirus Efficacy & Safety Trial (REST)
What is the main reason for the high mutation rate in RNA viruses?
The absence of a proofreading function in RNA polymerase
What is the function of the Nsp14 protein in coronavirus replication?
It has a proofreading function to correct errors during replication
How many types of influenza viruses are there?
3
What is the function of the hemagglutinin protein in influenza viruses?
It mediates the entry of the virus into the host cell
What is the main difference between antigenic shift and antigenic drift?
Shift involves a change in the subtype of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, while drift involves a change in the antibody binding sites
What is the mechanism of antigenic shift in influenza viruses?
Reassortment of segmented genomes
What is the purpose of the influenza vaccine?
To provide short-term immunity against specific strains of influenza viruses
How many negative sense RNAs are present in the influenza virus genome?
8
What is the function of the neuraminidase protein in influenza viruses?
It mediates the release of the virus from the host cell
What is the average number of deaths per year in the US due to influenza-associated hospitalizations?
7,000-70,000
What type of virus is A/Wisconsin/67/2022 (H1N1)pdm09-like?
Influenza virus
What is the main cause of hospitalization of infants less than 6 months of age?
RSV
At what age are almost all children infected with RSV?
2-3 years
What percentage of cases of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in the first 2 years of life are estimated to be caused by RSV?
90%
What is the polarity of the RNA of Paramyxoviridae?
Single strand RNA (-) polarity
According to Thompson, W., what is the mortality associated with Influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Virus in the United States?
Published in JAMA 2003
Test your knowledge of RNA viruses, including coronavirus, orthomyxovirus, paramyxovirus, and more. Learn about their structure, symptoms, and diseases caused in humans and animals. This quiz covers key concepts from Microbiology Lecture 20.
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