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Questions and Answers
Eubacteria that lack cell walls and do not synthesize the precursors of peptidoglycan are called
Eubacteria that lack cell walls and do not synthesize the precursors of peptidoglycan are called
Most microorganisms pathogenic for humans grow best in the laboratory when cultures are incubated at
Most microorganisms pathogenic for humans grow best in the laboratory when cultures are incubated at
Which of the following specimens does not usually contain anaerobes?
Which of the following specimens does not usually contain anaerobes?
How many organisms must be present in a clean catch midstream urine sample to be considered indicative of an infection?
How many organisms must be present in a clean catch midstream urine sample to be considered indicative of an infection?
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Which list includes types of microscopic staining?
Which list includes types of microscopic staining?
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Which correctly describes direct and indirect specimens?
Which correctly describes direct and indirect specimens?
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Which of the following is an example of a fungal pathogen with a dimorphic shape?
Which of the following is an example of a fungal pathogen with a dimorphic shape?
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The phenylanine deamination test indicator is used in which test?
The phenylanine deamination test indicator is used in which test?
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Which fungal pathogen causes Tinea corporis?
Which fungal pathogen causes Tinea corporis?
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What percentage of hemoglobin in blood leaving the lungs is typically saturated with oxygen?
What percentage of hemoglobin in blood leaving the lungs is typically saturated with oxygen?
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Which of the following is a virulence factor of Candida albicans?
Which of the following is a virulence factor of Candida albicans?
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Which antifungal drug is commonly used for treating fungal infections?
Which antifungal drug is commonly used for treating fungal infections?
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Which type of media is specifically used for isolating gram-negative bacteria?
Which type of media is specifically used for isolating gram-negative bacteria?
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Which type of anthrax affects the respiratory system?
Which type of anthrax affects the respiratory system?
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Which agar is used for Salmonella growth?
Which agar is used for Salmonella growth?
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What sugars can Salmonella ferment?
What sugars can Salmonella ferment?
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Which type of antigen is not associated with Enterobacteriaceae?
Which type of antigen is not associated with Enterobacteriaceae?
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Which of the following toxins is secreted by E.coli?
Which of the following toxins is secreted by E.coli?
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What causes disease outbreaks that occur irregularly?
What causes disease outbreaks that occur irregularly?
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Which of the following is a second-generation cephalosporin?
Which of the following is a second-generation cephalosporin?
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Which enzyme does not need water for reactions?
Which enzyme does not need water for reactions?
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What is the important nutrient for bacterial teichoic acid?
What is the important nutrient for bacterial teichoic acid?
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Which bacterial group could not grow at less than 55°C?
Which bacterial group could not grow at less than 55°C?
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Which metabolic pathway is used by bacteria but not eukaryotes?
Which metabolic pathway is used by bacteria but not eukaryotes?
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What are storage inclusions?
What are storage inclusions?
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Which of the following is NOT true regarding penicillins?
Which of the following is NOT true regarding penicillins?
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Which of the following antibiotics does NOT inhibit nucleic acid synthesis?
Which of the following antibiotics does NOT inhibit nucleic acid synthesis?
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Which of the following antibiotics functions as a protein synthesis inhibitor?
Which of the following antibiotics functions as a protein synthesis inhibitor?
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Serology using complement fixation is used in which type of test?
Serology using complement fixation is used in which type of test?
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Which type of test most readily confirms M. pneumoniae infection?
Which type of test most readily confirms M. pneumoniae infection?
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Nontreponemal serological tests are able to:
Nontreponemal serological tests are able to:
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What is the role of charcoal in buffered charcoal yeast extract agar for L. pneumophila isolation?
What is the role of charcoal in buffered charcoal yeast extract agar for L. pneumophila isolation?
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For definitive identification of an anaerobe, which method is most suitable?
For definitive identification of an anaerobe, which method is most suitable?
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Which method is used for direct fluorescent antibody testing on urethral and cervical specimens?
Which method is used for direct fluorescent antibody testing on urethral and cervical specimens?
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Which test is useful in diagnosing a disseminated gonococcal infection?
Which test is useful in diagnosing a disseminated gonococcal infection?
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Which test is useful to differentiate M. catarrhalis from saprophytic Neisseriae in respiratory samples?
Which test is useful to differentiate M. catarrhalis from saprophytic Neisseriae in respiratory samples?
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Which of the following best defines 'Heterozygous'?
Which of the following best defines 'Heterozygous'?
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What happens during the Segregation Principle?
What happens during the Segregation Principle?
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Which of the following defines 'Phenocopies'?
Which of the following defines 'Phenocopies'?
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Which statement is true about 'Recessive' alleles?
Which statement is true about 'Recessive' alleles?
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Which of the following characteristics distinguish Enterococci from nonenterococcal group D streptococci?
Which of the following characteristics distinguish Enterococci from nonenterococcal group D streptococci?
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What is the single most important method for classifying and specating Streptococci?
What is the single most important method for classifying and specating Streptococci?
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Which test method is the least sensitive for diagnosing colitis caused by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli?
Which test method is the least sensitive for diagnosing colitis caused by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli?
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Heat-labile toxin of ETEC acts by
Heat-labile toxin of ETEC acts by
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Study Notes
Microbiology Examination Questions
Serology and Diagnostic Tests
- Serology using complement fixation is used to obtain laboratory confirmation of M. pneumoniae infection.
- Direct fluorescent antibody testing on urethral and cervical specimens is used to diagnose genital infections.
- Nucleic acid amplification methods are used to diagnose infections such as syphilis.
- Enzyme immunoassays performed on genital tract specimens are used to diagnose infections such as chlamydia.
Identification of Microorganisms
- Charcoal is present in buffered charcoal yeast extract agar to act as a detoxifying agent for the growth of L. pneumophilia.
- Definitive identification of an anaerobe is likely best accomplished by cell wall fatty acid analysis using gas liquid chromatography.
- A useful test to differentiate M. catarrhalis from saprophytic neisseriae in respiratory samples is the Gram-stain morphology.
Microbiology Questions
- Eubacteria that lack cell walls and do not synthesize the precursors of peptidoglycan are called Mycoplasmas.
- Most microorganisms pathogenic for humans grow best in the laboratory when cultures are incubated at 30-37°C.
- Anaerobes are not usually found in clean catch midstream urine samples.
- A minimum of 10^4 CFU/mL of an organism must be present in a clean catch midstream urine sample to be considered indicative of an infection.
Microbiology Questions Continued
Pathogenesis of Cholera Diarrhea
- The first complex compound of causing Cholera diarrhea is cholera toxin, which causes an increase in cyclic AMP, leading to secretion of chloride and water into the intestinal lumen.
- The pathogenesis of Cholera diarrhea involves the ingestion of contaminated food or water, followed by the colonization of the small intestine by V. cholerae, and the production of cholera toxin.
Types of Anthrax
- There are three types of Anthrax: Pulmonary, Cutaneous, and Intestinal.
Salmonella Growth
- Salmonella grows on Xylose-lysine desoxycholate agar and can ferment glucose, mannitol, and sucrose.
Enterobacteriaceae
- The types of antigens in Enterobacteriaceae are O, K, and H antigens.
- E. coli secrets two types of toxin: heat labile and heat stable.
Klebsiella
- Klebsiella has K antigens.
Lactobacillus
- Lactobacillus ferments sugars to produce lactic acid.
Serratia
- Serratia can cause endocarditis, diarrhea, and septicemia.
Microbiology Questions Continued
Metabolic Pathways
- Metabolic pathways are regulated by enzymes, which are proteins that catalyze specific chemical reactions.
- Extracellular proteins are secreted from the cytoplasmic membrane.
Antibiotics
- Aminoglycosides antibiotics have an extended spectrum and are used to treat Gram-negative infections.
- The phenylanine deamination test indicator is used in the detection of phenylalanine deaminase.
- The antibacterial susceptibility determinant is determined through the disc diffusion test.
Fungal Pathogens
- Histoplasma capsulatum is a fungal pathogen with a dimorphic shape.
- Trichophyton rubrum is a fungal pathogen that causes Tinea corporis.
- Candida albicans has adhesins as one of its virulence factors.
- Aspergillus fumigatus is a systemic fungus.
- Fluconazole is an antifungal drug.
Hemopoiesis and Anemia
- Hemoglobin in blood leaving the lungs is about 98-99% saturated with oxygen, achieving an oxygen delivery between 950 and 1150 ml/min to the body.
- Sites of hemopoiesis in infants occur in the yolk sac.
- Aplastic Anemia is caused by toxic substances, such as pesticides, arsenic, and benzene.
- Some iron is stored in the phagocytic as ferritin and hemosiderin.
- Hypoxia occurs in patients who ascend to high altitude.
Enzymes and Bacterial Growth
- The enzymes that do not need water for reactions are isomerases.
- The important nutrient for bacterial techoic acid is PO4.
- The bacterial group that cannot grow at less than 55°C is thermophile.
- The metabolic pathway used by bacteria but not used by eukaryotes is the Entner-Doudoroff pathway.
- The storage inclusions are carboxysomes.
Antibiotics and Inhibitors
- All of the following are true regarding penicillins EXCEPT that they don't require dosage adjustment in renal failure.
- All of the following inhibit nucleic acid synthesis EXCEPT sulfasalazine.
- Concerning toxicity of antibiotics, enamel dysplasia is common with aminoglycosides, and Grey Baby Syndrome occurs with rifampicin use.
- Which of the following is considered to be bacteriostatic? Chloramphenicol.
- All of the following are true regarding metronidazole EXCEPT that it is useful against trichomonas vaginalis.
- Which among the following antibiotics function as protein synthesis inhibitors? Tetracycline.
Note: The above notes are summarized in a concise and organized manner, focusing on key facts and concepts in microbiology.
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Description
This quiz assesses knowledge of microbiology examination techniques, including serology, cell culture, and nucleic acid amplification methods. It covers various procedures for laboratory confirmation of infections, such as M. pneumoniae infection.
