40 Questions
What is the typical molecular weight of cytokines?
30KDa
What is the primary function of cytokines in regulating immune effector cells?
To stimulate the development of immune effector cells
What is the characteristic of the binding between cytokines and their receptors?
High affinity
What is an example of autocrine action of cytokines?
Cytokine binds to a receptor on the same cell that secreted it
What is one of the biological functions of cytokines?
Regulation of hematopoiesis
What is the target of cytokine signal transduction pathway?
Gene expression
At what concentration can cytokines mediate biological effects?
Picomolar concentration
What is a primary function of cytokines of the hematopoietin family?
Signaling the onset of T- and B-cell proliferation
What is the term for the soluble factor-directed cell movement induced by chemokines?
Chemotaxis
Which of the following cytokines is involved in the differentiation of a T helper cell?
Hematopoietin
What is the primary function of interferons?
Enhancing the body's defense against viral infections
What is the term for the small, soluble cytokines that communicate between and among cells of the immune system?
Cytokines
Which of the following cytokines is involved in the differentiation of B-cells into plasma cells?
Hematopoietin
What is the term for the molecules that can elicit the movement of leukocytes towards a chemokine source?
Chemoattractants
What is the primary function of type I IFNs?
Interfering with viral replication and increasing the lysis potential of natural killer cells
Which type of IFN has only one representative?
Type II IFN
What is the role of IFN-γ in immune responses?
Macrophage activation in innate and adaptive immune responses
What is the primary function of type III IFNs?
Playing an important role in host defense against viral infections
During an infectious process, which type of IFN becomes abundant and is easily detectable in the blood?
Type I IFN
What is the term derived from the ability of these cytokines to do?
Interfere with viral replication
What is the role of interleukins in the immune system?
Activating and suppressing the immune system and regulating cell division
Which cells are responsible for synthesizing interleukins?
Helper CD4+ T lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages, and endothelial cells
What is the naming convention for interleukins?
IL plus a number
How many members does the TNF family have?
Two
Which cell type produces TNF-α primarily?
Activated macrophages
What is the effect of TNF-α on neutrophils and endothelial cells?
Increased expression of MHC and adhesion molecules
What is the function of Fas ligand (FasL) in the TNF family?
Induces apoptosis on binding to its receptor
What is the primary function of TNF-β?
Delivers a variety of signals
Which cells can produce TNF-α in response to infection or inflammation?
Activated macrophages, lymphocytes, and other cell types
What is the relationship between TNF-α and inflammation?
TNF-α is a proinflammatory cytokine
Which cells are responsible for producing TNF-β?
Activated lymphocytes
What is the effect of TNF-α on neutrophils?
Increased expression of MHC and adhesion molecules
Which cytokine is involved in inducing apoptosis?
Fas ligand (FasL)
What is the primary function of TNF-α in response to infection?
Proinflammatory response
Which cells are responsible for synthesizing interleukins, besides helper CD4+ T lymphocytes?
Monocytes, macrophages and endothelial cells
What is the relationship between TNF-α and inflammation?
TNF-α is a proinflammatory cytokine
What is the primary function of TNF-β?
Delivering a variety of signals
Which cells are responsible for producing TNF-α, besides activated macrophages?
Lymphocytes and other cell types
What is the effect of TNF-α on endothelial cells?
Increased expression of MHC and adhesion molecules
Which cytokine family has Fas ligand (FasL) as a member?
TNF family
Test your knowledge of cytokines, including their functions, types, and properties. This quiz covers chemokines, interferons, interleukins, and more in the context of immunology and microbiology.
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