Cytokines
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Questions and Answers

What is the typical molecular weight of cytokines?

  • 100KDa
  • 50KDa
  • 30KDa (correct)
  • 10KDa

    • What is the primary function of cytokines in regulating immune effector cells?

  • To inhibit the inflammatory response
  • To stimulate the development of immune effector cells (correct)
  • To produce antibodies
  • To induce apoptosis in infected cells

    • What is the characteristic of the binding between cytokines and their receptors?

  • Reversible reaction
  • Specificity for multiple receptors
  • Low affinity
  • High affinity (correct)

    • What is an example of autocrine action of cytokines?

    <p>Cytokine binds to a receptor on the same cell that secreted it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the biological functions of cytokines?

    <p>Regulation of hematopoiesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the target of cytokine signal transduction pathway?

    <p>Gene expression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what concentration can cytokines mediate biological effects?

    <p>Picomolar concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary function of cytokines of the hematopoietin family?

    <p>Signaling the onset of T- and B-cell proliferation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the soluble factor-directed cell movement induced by chemokines?

    <p>Chemotaxis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following cytokines is involved in the differentiation of a T helper cell?

    <p>Hematopoietin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of interferons?

    <p>Enhancing the body's defense against viral infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the small, soluble cytokines that communicate between and among cells of the immune system?

    <p>Cytokines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following cytokines is involved in the differentiation of B-cells into plasma cells?

    <p>Hematopoietin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the molecules that can elicit the movement of leukocytes towards a chemokine source?

    <p>Chemoattractants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of type I IFNs?

    <p>Interfering with viral replication and increasing the lysis potential of natural killer cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of IFN has only one representative?

    <p>Type II IFN</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of IFN-γ in immune responses?

    <p>Macrophage activation in innate and adaptive immune responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of type III IFNs?

    <p>Playing an important role in host defense against viral infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During an infectious process, which type of IFN becomes abundant and is easily detectable in the blood?

    <p>Type I IFN</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term derived from the ability of these cytokines to do?

    <p>Interfere with viral replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of interleukins in the immune system?

    <p>Activating and suppressing the immune system and regulating cell division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are responsible for synthesizing interleukins?

    <p>Helper CD4+ T lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages, and endothelial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the naming convention for interleukins?

    <p>IL plus a number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many members does the TNF family have?

    <p>Two</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell type produces TNF-α primarily?

    <p>Activated macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of TNF-α on neutrophils and endothelial cells?

    <p>Increased expression of MHC and adhesion molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Fas ligand (FasL) in the TNF family?

    <p>Induces apoptosis on binding to its receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of TNF-β?

    <p>Delivers a variety of signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells can produce TNF-α in response to infection or inflammation?

    <p>Activated macrophages, lymphocytes, and other cell types</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between TNF-α and inflammation?

    <p>TNF-α is a proinflammatory cytokine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are responsible for producing TNF-β?

    <p>Activated lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of TNF-α on neutrophils?

    <p>Increased expression of MHC and adhesion molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cytokine is involved in inducing apoptosis?

    <p>Fas ligand (FasL)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of TNF-α in response to infection?

    <p>Proinflammatory response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are responsible for synthesizing interleukins, besides helper CD4+ T lymphocytes?

    <p>Monocytes, macrophages and endothelial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between TNF-α and inflammation?

    <p>TNF-α is a proinflammatory cytokine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of TNF-β?

    <p>Delivering a variety of signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are responsible for producing TNF-α, besides activated macrophages?

    <p>Lymphocytes and other cell types</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of TNF-α on endothelial cells?

    <p>Increased expression of MHC and adhesion molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cytokine family has Fas ligand (FasL) as a member?

    <p>TNF family</p> Signup and view all the answers

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