Cultivation and Isolation of Viruses
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Questions and Answers

What is the characteristic shape of the double-stranded DNA in herpesviruses?

  • Linear
  • Spiral
  • Toroid (correct)
  • Circular

    • How many capsomeres are present in the protein coat of herpesviruses?

  • 200
  • 100
  • 162 (correct)
  • 150

    • What is the origin of the envelope surrounding the nucleocapsid of herpesviruses?

  • Nuclear membrane of the infected cell (correct)
  • Golgi apparatus of the infected cell
  • Plasma membrane of the infected cell
  • Endoplasmic reticulum of the infected cell

    • What is the length of the viral glycoprotein spikes on the envelope of herpesviruses?

    <p>8 nm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following herpesviruses is commonly associated with Kaposi sarcoma?

    <p>Herpesvirus 8 (KSHV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many viruses are there in the herpes group that infect different animal species?

    <p>Nearly 100</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does cytomegalovirus replicate in the human body?

    <p>In the epithelial cells of the respiratory tract, salivary glands, and kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common outcome of intrauterine or early postnatal infection with CMV in newborns?

    <p>Cytomegalic inclusion disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the incubation period of CMV?

    <p>4-8 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are CMV infections more severe in immunosuppressed hosts?

    <p>Due to the compromised immune system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a frequent complication of primary CMV infections in immunosuppressed hosts?

    <p>Pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of CMV?

    <p>It has the largest genetic content of the human herpesviruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the method used to identify the agent responsible for herpesvirus infection?

    <p>Neutralization test or immunofluorescence staining</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of herpesvirus infection observed in scrapings obtained from the base of a vesicle?

    <p>Presence of multinucleated giant cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When do antibodies appear after HSV infection?

    <p>4-7 days after infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common complication of varicella-zoster virus infection in healthy children?

    <p>Varicella pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical incubation period of varicella-zoster virus infection?

    <p>10-21 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following antiviral drugs is effective against HSV infections?

    <p>Acyclovir, Valacyclovir, and Vidarabine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the first year in which Human Herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) was detected?

    <p>1994</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Poxviruses?

    <p>Small size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the disease caused by the variola virus?

    <p>Smallpox</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a type of virus that is closely related to HHV-8?

    <p>EBV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical length of the incubation period of variola (smallpox)?

    <p>10-14 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who introduced vaccination with live cowpox virus in 1798?

    <p>Edward Jenner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the genotype of the viral DNA of papillomaviruses?

    <p>Double-stranded DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of transmission of papillomaviruses?

    <p>Close contact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical outcome of papillomavirus infections at cutaneous and mucosal sites?

    <p>Development of different kinds of warts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following HPV types are considered high cancer risk?

    <p>Types 16 and 18</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary organ affected by viral hepatitis?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical mode of transmission of human papillomavirus (HPV) genital infections?

    <p>Sexually transmitted</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the genetic material of hepatitis B virus?

    <p>ds DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hepatitis viruses is an enveloped virus?

    <p>HBV, HCV, and HDV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of hepatitis B virus?

    <p>Hepadnavirus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the target of parvovirus B19?

    <p>Erythroid progenitor cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of hepatitis B virus infection in infants?

    <p>Chronic infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two major polypeptides associated with hepatitis B virus?

    <p>HBsAg and HBcAg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of hepatitis viruses?

    <p>DNA genome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mode of transmission of hepatitis E virus?

    <p>Enteric transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a complication of hepatitis B virus infection?

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of hepatitis A virus?

    <p>Nonenveloped virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Herpesviruses

    • Cytomegalovirus (CMV) (HSV-5) is a ubiquitous herpesvirus that can cause infectious mononucleosis (heterophil-negative) and congenital defects
    • CMV replicates in epithelial cells of the respiratory tract, salivary glands, and kidneys, and persists in lymphocytes
    • Incubation period: 4-8 weeks
    • Properties of the virus: largest genetic content of human herpesviruses (HHV)

    Transmission and Pathogenesis

    • CMV can be transmitted from person to person through close contact with virus-bearing material
    • Primary CMV infections in immunosuppressed hosts are more severe than in normal hosts, with pneumonia as a frequent complication
    • Cytopathology: multinucleated giant cells indicate herpesvirus (HSV-1, HSV-2, or varicella-zoster) presence
    • Serology: antibodies appear 4-7 days after infection, peaking in 2-4 weeks, detected by neutralization, immunofluorescence, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

    Treatment and Diagnosis

    • Several antiviral drugs are effective against HSV infections, including Acyclovir, Valacyclovir, and Vidarabine
    • Laboratory diagnosis: polymerase chain reaction (PCR), isolation and identification of virus, cytopathology, and serology

    Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)

    • HSV-1 and HSV-2 are widespread in the human population, with HSV-1 spread by contact and HSV-2 transmitted sexually or from a maternal genital infection to a newborn
    • HSV growth cycle: rapid, requiring 8-16 hours for completion
    • Clinical findings: primary infections may be clinically inapparent, but result in antibody production and establishment of latent infections in sensory ganglia
    • Recurrent lesions are common

    Varicella-Zoster Virus (HSV-3)

    • Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) causes varicella (chickenpox), a mild, highly contagious disease characterized by a generalized malaise, fever, and vesicular eruption of the skin and mucous membranes
    • Incubation period: 10-21 days
    • Cases of congenital varicella syndrome can occur after maternal cases of chickenpox during pregnancy
    • Varicella pneumonia is rare in healthy children but is the most common complication in neonates, adults, and immunocompromised patients

    Human Herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8)

    • HHV-8 is also known as Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV)
    • It was first detected in 1994 in Kaposi sarcoma specimens
    • HHV-8 is lymphotropic and causes Kaposi sarcomas, vascular tumors occurring in AIDS patients, and multicentric Castleman disease

    Poxviruses

    • Poxviruses are the largest and most complex of viruses infecting humans, resistant to inactivation
    • They have linear ds DNA and own RNA polymerase
    • Infections are characterized by a rash, with lesions induced by some members of the family being markedly proliferative
    • The group includes vaccinia virus, variola virus, and parapoxvirus
    • Edward Jenner introduced vaccination with live cowpox virus in 1798

    Hepatitis Viruses

    • Hepatitis viruses are caused by one of the following five agents: hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis D (HDV), and hepatitis E virus (HEV)
    • All Hepatitis viruses are ss RNA, except HBV which is ds DNA
    • HAV and HEV are nonenveloped viruses, while HBV, HCV, and HDV are enveloped viruses
    • Hepatitis viruses produce acute inflammation of the liver, resulting in a clinical illness characterized by fever, gastrointestinal symptoms, and jaundice

    Parvoviruses

    • Parvovirus B19 is pathogenic for humans and has a tropism for erythroid (RBC) progenitor cells

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    Virology: Cultivation and Isolation of Viruses - PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the cultivation and isolation of viruses, including DNA viruses such as herpesviruses, poxviruses, and papillomaviruses. This quiz covers various types of viruses that commonly infect humans.

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