Microbiology Chapter 14

Scientific study of disease - concerned with etiology (cause) and pathogenesis (development) & effects of disease.

Mutualism, commensalism, parasitism.

Both organisms benefit from the relationship.

<p>One organism benefits from the relationship and the other neither benefits nor is harmed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One organism benefits and one is harmed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trichonympha in termite intestine and vitamin synthesizing bacteria in colon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Staphylococcus sp. on human skin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Any change from a state of health. A disease may, but not always, result from infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organisms that colonize body surfaces without causing disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Present for a few days/weeks, are easier to get rid of than normal flora.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>On skin, mucous membranes of digestive tract, upper respiratory tract, and distal part of urethra and vagina.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Commensal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>On skin, mucous membranes of digestive tract, upper respiratory tract, and distal part of urethra and vagina.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Competition from other microorganisms, elimination by body's defense cells, chemical or physical changes in the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the birthing process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>First months of life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Normal microbiota or harmless microbes that can cause disease under certain circumstances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immune suppression, reduction in microbial antagonism, introduction of normal microbiota into unusual site in the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>E. coli in urethra causing UTI.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Skin, mucous membranes, placenta, and parenteral route.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deposition directly into tissues under the skin or mucous membranes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Punctures, cuts, deep abrasions, and surgery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Process by which microorganisms attach themselves to cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Specialized structures, adhesins, and attachment proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Some protozoans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In some helminths aka worms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Viruses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Surface lipoproteins and glycoproteins that enable bacteria and viruses to bind to complementary receptors on host cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Morbidity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lack of symptoms but may still have signs of infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Study of the cause of disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Robert Koch.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diseases that can be caused by more than one pathogen, pathogens that are ignored as potential causes of disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pneumonia, meningitis, and hepatitis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Degree of pathogenicity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adhesion factors, biofilms, extracellular enzymes, toxins, and antiphagocytic factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enzymes secreted by the pathogen that dissolve structural chemicals in the body and help the pathogen maintain infection, invade further, and avoid body defenses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Extracellular enzyme that breaks down hyaluronic acid which holds animal cells together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Extracellular enzyme that digests collagen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Extracellular enzyme that causes coagulation to surround bacteria and protect them from body defenses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Extracellular enzymes that break up blood clots, enabling bacteria to spread.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exotoxins and endotoxins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proteins or peptides secreted by microorganisms that destroy host cells or interfere with their metabolism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cytotoxins and neurotoxins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kill host cells or impair their ability to function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adversely affect nerve cell function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clostridium tetani and Clostridium botulinum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adversely affect cells lining the GI tract.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lipid portion of lipopolysaccharide of outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria released when cells die.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antibodies that bind to toxins and neutralize them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacterial capsule and antiphagocytic chemicals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Made up of chemicals found in the body so it is not recognized as foreign; also it is slippery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prevent fusion of lysosome and phagocytic vesicles to block digestion of microbe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>M protein on cell walls and fimbriae.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Incubation period, prodromal period, illness, decline, and convalescence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Time between infection and appearance of first symptoms or signs of disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Short time with only mild symptoms before illness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Time of most severe symptoms and signs; host immune response not at its maximum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Time when the immune response peaks and/or medical treatment overcomes pathogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Time when the host recovers; tissues repaired and body begins to return to normal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By portals of exit; many of the same portals of entry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sites where pathogens are maintained as a source of infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Animal reservoirs, human carriers, and nonliving reservoirs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diseases that are naturally spread from their animal host to human host.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Direct contact with animal or its waste, eating animals, and bloodsucking arthropods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transmission from either a reservoir or from the host's portal of exit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contact transmission, vehicle transmission, vector transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Direct, indirect, and droplet transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Person to person or animal reservoir to human.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pathogens spread from host to host by fomites.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contaminated inanimate objects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pathogens carried within respiratory droplets that exit the body by sneezing, coughing, and exhaling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Less than one meter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Airborne, water-borne, and food-borne transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spread of pathogen to respiratory mucous membranes via aerosols.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spread of pathogen via contaminated water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cholera, giardiasis, amebic dysentery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spread of pathogens in or on food.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Biological and mechanical vectors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Those that serve as a host for multiplication of the pathogen, as well as transmitting it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ticks, blood sucking flies, mites, lice, fleas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Those that transmit pathogens passively by carrying them on their body parts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Houseflies and cockroaches.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Salmonella and Shigella.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Body system they affect, taxonomic groups of causative agent, longevity and severity, and how they are spread to a host.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One that develops rapidly and lasts a short time; e.g., common cold.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One that develops slowly and lasts a long time; e.g., Hepatitis C, tuberculosis, leprosy, and mononucleosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One with a duration and severity between that of acute and chronic disease; e.g., subacute bacterial endocarditis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One that appears a long time after infection due to the inactivity of the pathogen; e.g., herpes infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One transmitted from an infected host directly or indirectly to another; e.g., influenza, herpes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One not spread from host to host; e.g., tetanus, botulism, acne, and tooth decay.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Initial infection within the host.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One that follows primary infection, and may be caused by an opportunistic pathogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Study of where and when diseases occur and how they are transmitted within populations.</p> Signup and view all the answers