Pathology Chapter 8 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

Why is it important to pursue a diagnosis for persistent digestive pain?

Because the symptoms of uncomplicated indigestion can hide the symptoms of serious disease.

What causes the symptoms of celiac disease?

A hypersensitivity reaction to a component of gluten breaks down intestinal villi, reducing the absorption of all nutrients.

Where does esophageal cancer typically develop?

Between the larynx and the stomach.

Massage therapy has been seen to improve fatigue and appetite for cancer patients.

True Signup and view all the answers

What should be done for a client recovering from esophageal cancer who has no appetite?

Agree to work with him and provide any treatment that fits within his capacity for adaptation. Signup and view all the answers

When gastroenteritis is viral, which pathogens are usually the cause?

Noroviruses or rotaviruses. Signup and view all the answers

What accommodations might a client need after recovering from gastroenteritis?

None; situation is resolved and has no long lasting repercussions. Signup and view all the answers

What symptoms are closely associated with gastroesophageal reflux disorder?

A bitter taste in the back of the throat, chest pain, symptoms aggravated by lying down. Signup and view all the answers

What is probably the causative factor for most peptic ulcers?

Bacterial infection. Signup and view all the answers

Where do peptic ulcers usually develop?

In the stomach and duodenum. Signup and view all the answers

What should be provided for a client who is symptom-free after treating a peptic ulcer?

Provide her with massage therapy sessions as requested. Signup and view all the answers

How should a therapist handle a client with multiple peptic ulcers who is uncomfortable lying flat?

Offer to work on him in a recliner or massage chair and avoid anything other than a warm supportive hold over his abdomen. Signup and view all the answers

How do nitrates and nitrites in cured meats contribute to the risk of stomach cancer?

H. pylori bacteria convert these chemicals into carcinogens. Signup and view all the answers

What should a client do if causing persistent digestive problems?

Inform her to pursue the issues with her primary care provider. Signup and view all the answers

What are the most reliable risk factors for developing colorectal cancer?

Obesity, genetics, age. Signup and view all the answers

How should a therapist assist a client with a colostomy bag?

Ask how you can help him be comfortable on the table and make accommodations according to his needs. Signup and view all the answers

What is diverticulum?

A bulge on the inner layers of the intestine through the muscular layer. Signup and view all the answers

What are serious complications of diverticular disease?

Abscesses, peritonitis, blockage. Signup and view all the answers

What should a client with diverticulitis do?

Reschedule her massage and visit the doctor right away. Signup and view all the answers

What type of irritable bowel syndrome involves rapid fluctuations between diarrhea and constipation?

IBS-M. Signup and view all the answers

How should a therapist respond to a client with IBS who passes gas?

Laugh and tell her you hope that now she's more comfortable. Signup and view all the answers

What is another major risk factor for cirrhosis, aside from alcoholism and hepatitis C?

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Signup and view all the answers

Why are the symptoms of cirrhosis generally subtle until liver damage is advanced?

The liver compensates for lost function easily. Signup and view all the answers

Why does splenomegaly frequently occur as a complication of cirrhosis?

When the spleen can't drain due to portal hypertension, it becomes enlarged. Signup and view all the answers

What should be done for a client with cirrhosis and renal failure complications?

Provide a light relaxing session, ensuring he is comfortable on the table. Signup and view all the answers

What are the signs and symptoms of having crystallized bile salts or cholesterol in the gallbladder?

None, unless a stone has become lodged in a duct. Signup and view all the answers

What should a client report sharp stabbing pain in the midline of the right costal angle do?

Reschedule her massage and tell her that she needs to pursue these symptoms with her doctor as soon as possible. Signup and view all the answers

What should a therapist provide for a client recovering from laparoscopic gallbladder surgery?

Provide a massage that is within her capacity for adaptation; so gently around her laparoscopy scars and check for pain. Signup and view all the answers

What hepatitis variety has infected about 30% of adults in the US?

Hepatitis A. Signup and view all the answers

Which hepatitis virus has the highest risk of complication to cirrhosis, liver failure, or liver cancer?

Hepatitis C. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common complication of hepatitis A?

Nothing; hepatitis A rarely has long-term consequences. Signup and view all the answers

What are hepatitis B and C associated with?

Liver failure, liver cancer. Signup and view all the answers

What should a therapist do for a client diagnosed with Hepatitis C who has no symptoms?

Work with him as requested, watching for side effects of medication that may influence your choices. Signup and view all the answers

What should be done for a client who ate at a restaurant where a hepatitis A outbreak was traced?

Delay her session until after her gamma globulin shot. Signup and view all the answers

What are typical signs and symptoms of liver cancer?

Increasing abdominal pain, muscle wasting. Signup and view all the answers

What should a therapist do for a long-time client undergoing treatment for liver cancer?

Agree to visit him and do a gentle massage to the areas that are in pain. Signup and view all the answers

What are early signs and symptoms of pancreatic cancer?

Midback pain, food aversion, weight loss. Signup and view all the answers

What is the best description of pancreatitis?

Any inflammation of the pancreas. Signup and view all the answers

What type of pancreatitis often has a fast onset and is caused by an obstruction?

Acute pancreatitis. Signup and view all the answers

What should be done for a client who had acute pancreatitis last year?

Give her a massage as requested; nothing in this history requires accommodation. Signup and view all the answers

What is a predictable trigger for a bacterial/yeast imbalance in the intestines?

Use of antibiotics. Signup and view all the answers

What are the signs and symptoms of thrush?

Painless white lesions in the mouth. Signup and view all the answers

What should be done when a client mentions a yeast infection during a session?

Nothing; this information does not impact choices for massage therapy. Signup and view all the answers

How does a Candida infection impact a hospice client's massage session?

It doesn't impact anything; typical massage therapy for hospice patients does not affect blood flow in any major way. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Diagnosis of Digestive Pain

Persistent digestive pain must be evaluated to rule out serious diseases masked by uncomplicated indigestion.

Celiac Disease

Symptoms stem from a hypersensitivity to gluten causing damage to intestinal villi, impairing nutrient absorption.

Esophageal Cancer

Malignant cells develop between the larynx and stomach, emphasizing the critical nature of early diagnosis.

Massage Therapy for Cancer Patients

Massage therapy can alleviate fatigue and stimulate appetite in patients recovering from esophageal cancer.

Treatment Post-Esophageal Cancer

Support clients with past esophageal cancer through adapted massage therapy focused on comfort and scar management.

Viral Gastroenteritis

Common pathogens include noroviruses and rotaviruses, known for their contagiousness.

Gastroenteritis Recovery

Clients fully recovered from gastroenteritis typically require no special accommodations.

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disorder

Associated symptoms include a bitter taste, chest pain, and exacerbation of symptoms when lying down.

Peptic Ulcers

Most commonly caused by bacterial infections, developing in the stomach and duodenum.

Management of Peptic Ulcers

Clients who have successfully treated peptic ulcers can receive massage therapy as they request.

Accommodations for Sensitive Clients

Clients with ongoing multiple peptic ulcers may need flexible massage solutions, like a reclined position and gentle abdominal contact.

Risk factors for Stomach Cancer

Nitrates and nitrites in cured meats, converted into carcinogens by H. pylori bacteria, elevate stomach cancer risks.

Undiagnosed Digestive Problems

Ongoing digestive issues warrant medical consultation to identify underlying causes before proceeding with massage treatment.

Colorectal Cancer Risk Factors

Reliable risk factors include obesity, genetics, and age.

Post-Colorectal Cancer Care

A colostomy bag necessitates tailored massage approaches focused on client comfort.

Diverticulum Definition and Complications

Diverticulum is a bulge in the intestinal wall; complications include abscesses, peritonitis, and blockage.

Diverticulitis Considerations

During a diverticulitis flare, clients should postpone massages and consult with a healthcare provider immediately.

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

IBS-M is characterized by erratic shifts between diarrhea and constipation.

Clients are encouraged to maintain a light attitude around symptoms like gas.

Cirrhosis Risk Factors

Traditionally linked to alcoholism and hepatitis C, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is now a significant risk factor.

Cirrhosis Symptoms

Symptoms are often subtle until the liver's damage is extensive due to its compensative abilities.

Complications of Cirrhosis

Splenomegaly occurs from portal hypertension causing difficulty in spleen drainage.

Massage for Cirrhosis Patients

Clients with cirrhosis may require sensitive massage sessions, accommodating their discomfort, especially if ascites is present.

Gallbladder Health

Crystalized bile salts or cholesterol typically present no symptoms unless a stone obstructs a duct.

Gallbladder Pain Symptoms

Sharp pain near the right costal angle signifies the need for immediate medical consultation.

Post-Gallbladder Surgery Care

Clients may benefit from gentle massages around surgical scars while ensuring comfort.

Hepatitis Overview

Hepatitis A, affecting about 30% of US adults, offers lifelong immunity after exposure.

Hepatitis C Complications

Hepatitis C is slow-progressing but significantly raises the risk of serious liver issues, including cancer.

Hepatitis A Consequences

Rarely leads to long-term issues, distinguishing it from other hepatitis types.

Massage Concerns with Hepatitis

Hepatitis B and C pose risks for liver failure and cancer; client wellness must be prioritized.

Seeking Help Regarding Hepatitis

Clients exposed to hepatitis A should delay therapy until cleared by medical professionals.

Indicators of Liver Cancer

Common symptoms include increasing abdominal pain and muscle wasting.

Massage for Hospitalized Clients

Gentle massages can bring comfort to clients undergoing treatment for liver cancer, even while hospitalized.

Pancreatic Cancer Symptoms

Early signs may include mid-back pain, aversion to food, and weight loss.

Pancreatitis Information

Pancreatitis refers to any inflammation of the pancreas, with acute pancreatitis often triggered by duct obstruction.

Post-Acute Pancreatitis Massage

Clients with a history of acute pancreatitis and no recurring issues can safely receive massages.

Intestinal Imbalance Triggers

Common triggers for bacterial/yeast imbalances include the use of antibiotics.

Thrush Indicators

Characterized by painless white lesions in the mouth, indicating Candida overgrowth.

Impact of Yeast Infections on Massage

Knowledge of a client’s yeast infection does not alter therapeutic massage decisions.

Hospice Clients with Candida

Standard massage procedures remain appropriate for hospice patients with Candida infections.

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Explore the key concepts in pathology with these flashcards from Chapter 8. This quiz covers critical topics related to digestive disorders, including celiac disease and the significance of persistent digestive pain. Perfect for students looking to enhance their understanding of pathology.