Microbiology Chapter 11 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

Photosynthetic organisms always produce oxygen gas as a metabolic byproduct.

False

All gram-negative bacteria are classified as proteobacteria.

False

The deinococci can be categorized as extremophiles.

True

Myxobacteria are classified as actinobacteria due to a fungal-like lifestyle.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Two distinguishing factors of the epsilonproteobacteria are that they are motile and microaerophilic.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why was Burkholderia reclassified from the gammaproteobacteria to the betaproteobacteria?

<p>its rRNA sequence is similar to that of Neisseria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following pairs is NOT correctly matched?

<p>elementary body - Escherichia</p> Signup and view all the answers

All of the following bacteria are motile. Which does NOT have flagella?

<p>spirochetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are Caulobacter different from most bacteria?

<p>have stalks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

<p>Pseudomonas - gram-positive</p> Signup and view all the answers

Actinomycetes differ from fungi in that actinomycetes:

<p>lack a membrane-bounded nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Thiobacillus oxidizes inorganic sulfur compounds and reduces CO2. This bacterium is a:

<p>chemoautotroph</p> Signup and view all the answers

The nonsulfur photosynthetic bacteria use organic compounds as what?

<p>electron donors to reduce CO2.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following bacteria does NOT belong with the others?

<p>Salmonella</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the causative agent of Rocky Mountain spotted fever is FALSE?

<p>It is found in soil and water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Escherichia coli belongs to the:

<p>proteobacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Requirements for X and V factors are used to identify:

<p>Haemophilus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bacteria is gram-negative?

<p>Treponema</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an enteric?

<p>Campylobacter</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following genera is an anaerobic gram-negative rod?

<p>Bacteroides</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are found primarily in the intestines of humans?

<p>facultatively anaerobic gram-negative rods</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement regarding cyanobacteria is true? They produce carbon dioxide (CO2) from water and oxygen.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mycoplasmas differ from other bacteria in that they lack a cell wall.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following does NOT belong with the others?

<p>Staphylococcus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should you do next after isolating a gram-positive rod?

<p>endospore stain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

All of the following bacteria are gram-positive. Which does NOT belong with the others?

<p>Listeria</p> Signup and view all the answers

Streptomyces differs from Actinomyces because Streptomyces:

<p>is a strict aerobe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the best reason to classify Streptococcus in the Lactobacillales?

<p>rRNA sequences</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bacteria are responsible for more infections and more different kinds of infections?

<p>Streptococcus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following bacteria does NOT belong with the others?

<p>Escherichia</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bacteria is gram-positive?

<p>Streptococcus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following lacks a cell wall?

<p>Mycoplasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following do you expect to be MOST resistant to high temperatures?

<p>Bacillus subtilis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which order or genus of Archaea are part of the microbiota of the human colon, vagina, and mouth?

<p>Methanobacteriales</p> Signup and view all the answers

Regarding the Order Rhizobiales of the Class alphaproteobacteria, which genus includes human pathogens?

<p>Brucella</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gram-positive organisms with low G + C content are commonly called ________.

<p>Firmicutes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The majority of bacterial species on Earth have not been successfully cultivated.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in identifying a prokaryotic cell after isolation?

<p>Gram stain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The human body is typically free of archaeal species.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is believed to limit the size of most bacterial cells?

<p>the fact that nutrients must enter the cells by simple diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

You have isolated an aerobic gram-positive, endospore-forming bacterium that grows well on nutrient agar. To which of the following groups does it most likely belong?

<p>bacillales.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following form conidiospores?

<p>actinomycetes and related organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

Staphylococcus and Streptococcus can be easily differentiated in a laboratory by which one of the following?

<p>growth in high salt concentrations</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic inherent of the non-endospore-forming gram-positive rods?

<p>nonpathogenic</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bacterial predators such as Bdellovibrio are members of the betaproteobacteria.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

You have isolated a gram-positive bacterium with low G + C content from unpasteurized milk. It infected a pregnant woman, and you are worried that her child will be stillborn. What bacterium is it?

<p>Listeria monocytogenes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What bacterium might be used to ensure development of female crabs and shrimp?

<p>Wolbachia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Borrelia is classified as a spirochete because it:

<p>possesses an axial filament.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia, and Serratia are all:

<p>gram-negative facultatively anaerobic rods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Both Beggiatoa and the purple sulfur bacteria use H2S. These bacteria differ in that Beggiatoa:

<p>uses H2S for an energy source.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A primary difference between cyanobacteria and purple and green phototrophic bacteria is __________.

<p>electron donor for CO2 reduction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

You have isolated a bacterium that grows in a medium containing only inorganic nutrients. Ammonia is oxidized to a nitrate ion. This bacterium is:

<p>a chemoautotroph.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Rickettsias differ from chlamydias in that rickettsias:

<p>require an arthropod for transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

You have isolated a bacterium that grows in a medium containing an organic substrate and nitrate in the absence of oxygen. The nitrate is reduced to nitrogen gas. You can be sure that this bacterium is:

<p>using anaerobic respiration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of spirochetes?

<p>easily observed with brightfield microscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Neisseria?

<p>requires X and V factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gammaproteobacteria are facultatively anaerobic, gram-negative rods that inhabit the intestinal tracts of humans and other animals?

<p>Enterobacteriales</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Photosynthetic Organisms

  • Not all photosynthetic organisms produce oxygen gas as a metabolic byproduct.

Classification of Bacteria

  • Not all gram-negative bacteria are classified as proteobacteria.
  • Myxobacteria are separate from actinobacteria despite their fungal-like lifestyle.

Deinococci and Epsilonproteobacteria

  • Deinococci are categorized as extremophiles, capable of surviving extreme conditions.
  • Epsilonproteobacteria are characterized by motility and microaerophilic nature.

Burkholderia

  • Reclassified to betaproteobacteria due to similarities in rRNA sequences to Neisseria and its pathogenic nature.

Bacterial Identification

  • Elementary body is mismatched with Escherichia; it is not a true association.
  • Spirochetes are motile but do not possess flagella.
  • Caulobacter is distinct among bacteria for having stalks.

Gram Reactions and Bacterial Characteristics

  • Pseudomonas is incorrectly matched as gram-positive; it is actually gram-negative.
  • Actinomycetes differ from fungi as they lack a membrane-bound nucleus.
  • Thiobacillus is classified as a chemoautotroph, oxidizing inorganic sulfur compounds.

Cyanobacteria and Bacterial Functions

  • Nonsulfur photosynthetic bacteria utilize organic compounds as electron donors to reduce CO2.
  • Cyanobacteria produce oxygen from water during photosynthesis.

Unique Bacterial Characteristics

  • Mycoplasmas are unique for lacking a cell wall and are resistant to certain antibiotics.
  • Staphylococcus is identifiable due to its growth in high salt concentrations unlike Streptococcus.
  • Escherichia coli belongs to proteobacteria, a diverse class of gram-negative bacteria.

Bacterial Species Identification and Infections

  • Campylobacter does not belong to enterics while Escherichia, Salmonella, and Shigella do.
  • Bacteroides is an anaerobic gram-negative rod.
  • Facultatively anaerobic gram-negative rods are primarily found in the human intestines.

Spore Formation and Pathogenicity

  • Actinomycetes are known for forming conidiospores.
  • Bacillus subtilis shows the highest resistance to extreme temperatures among selected bacteria.

Archaeal Classification

  • Methanobacteriales are part of the microbiota in the human body.
  • Brucella, within the Order Rhizobiales, includes human pathogens.

Bacterial Diversity and Ecology

  • Firmicutes refer to the gram-positive organisms with low G + C content.
  • Most bacterial species on Earth remain uncultivated, showcasing the vast microbial diversity.

Bacterial Metabolism

  • Chemoautotrophs utilize inorganic nutrients, with ammonia oxidized to nitrate as an example.
  • Anaerobic respiration results in the reduction of nitrate to nitrogen gas under specific conditions.

Spirochetes and Rickettsias

  • Rickettsias differ from chlamydias as rickettsias require arthropods for transmission.
  • Spirochetes possess a helical shape and are gram-negative but are not easily observed using brightfield microscopy.

Overall

  • A wide range of bacterial characteristics, including metabolic pathways and structural features, highlights the diversity of prokaryotic life and its various interactions within ecosystems.

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Description

Test your knowledge of Chapter 11 in Microbiology with these flashcards. The quiz covers various statements related to photosynthetic organisms, bacteria classification, and extremophiles. Use it to reinforce your understanding of microbial classification and characteristics.

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