40 Questions
What is characteristic of the kinetoplast in blood and tissue flagellates?
It consists of a parabasal body and an adjacent dotlike blepharoplast
What is the primary mode of transmission of Leishmaniasis?
The bite of certain types of sandflies
Which of the following is a risk factor for Leishmaniasis?
All of the above, except proper sanitation and hygiene
What is the shape of the amastigote form of Leishmania?
Spherical or subspherical
Which genus of sandflies transmits Old World Leishmaniasis?
Phlebotomus
How many hosts are necessary for the life cycle of Leishmania?
Two hosts, humans and sandflies
What is the form of Leishmania that is found extracellularly in the alimentary canal of the sand fly?
Promastigote
Where do promastigotes initially migrate to after reproduction in the sand fly?
Proximal end of the gut
What is the result of repeated multiplication of amastigotes in the macrophage cell?
The macrophage cell breaks down due to pressure of mass
How do amastigotes typically spread to new hosts in the human body?
Both A and B
What is the term for the type of leishmaniasis caused by L. tropica, L. major, and L. aethiopica?
Old world leishmaniasis
What is the site where promastigotes are introduced locally into the human host during a sand fly bite?
Bite site
What is the primary method of diagnosis for Old World leishmaniasis?
A skin scraping with microscopic analysis using Wright or Giemsa stain
Which type of leishmaniasis is associated with high fatality and is considered the most severe form?
Visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar)
What is the habitat of the parasite Leishmania donovani in humans?
Reticuloendothelial cells
What is the result of a Leishmanin skin test (Montenegro test)?
A delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction
What is the typical outcome of cutaneous leishmaniasis?
The lesion heals in a few months to a year, leaving an unpleasant-looking scar
What is the outcome of diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis?
The lesion produces widespread skin lesions that resemble leprosy
What is the primary site of Leishmania replication in the human body?
Macrophages
What is the outcome of severe cases of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis if left untreated?
Difficulty eating and potentially fatal
What is the primary goal of vaccination against Leishmania?
To stimulate a strong cell-mediated immunity
Which of the following is a treatment option for visceral leishmaniasis?
Liposomal amphotericin B
What is the advantage of treating people with leishmaniasis early?
To prevent further spread of the disease
What is the typical outcome of a mucocutaneous leishmaniasis lesion if left untreated?
The lesion will spontaneously heal with scarring
What is the primary location where the parasite multiplies after inoculation?
Reticuloendothelial cells
Which of the following is a common symptom of Old World Leishmaniasis?
Enlargement of the spleen
What is the usual cause of death in patients with Old World Leishmaniasis?
Secondary infections
What is the name of the secondary form of the disease that may occur after successful treatment?
Post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis
Which of the following is a parasitological diagnosis method for Old World Leishmaniasis?
Blood film stained with Leishman or Giemsa stain
What is the purpose of PCR tests in the diagnosis of Old World Leishmaniasis?
To detect Leishmania DNA
What is the primary reason why most vaccines against Leishmania have been ineffective?
They induce a humoral response instead of a cell-mediated response
Which of the following is a characteristic of the pathogenesis of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis?
Leishmania invades human macrophages and replicates intracellularly
What is the primary factor that determines the treatment of leishmaniasis?
The species of Leishmania involved
What is the purpose of reservoir control programs in the prevention of leishmaniasis?
To reduce the number of animals that serve as reservoirs for Leishmania
What is the outcome of severe cases of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis if left untreated?
The disease can be fatal and can diminish the ability to eat
What is the role of macrophages in the pathogenesis of leishmaniasis?
They are the primary host cells for Leishmania replication
What is the primary mechanism of transmission of Leishmania?
Sandfly bites
What is the effect of leishmaniasis on the nose and mouth?
It causes both skin and mucosal ulcers
What is the primary goal of preventive measures against leishmaniasis?
To reduce the risk of transmission to humans
What is the characteristic of the lesions that develop at the site of the sandfly bite in mucocutaneous leishmaniasis?
They may spontaneously heal with scarring
Test your knowledge on blood flagellates, including hemoflagellates, Leishmania, and Trypanosom, and their characteristics. This quiz covers the different types of flagellates, their nucleus, kinetoplast, and flagellum. It also delves into the family Trypanosomatidae and its genera.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
