Microbiology Parasitology: Systemic Nematodes Overview
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Questions and Answers

Which term describes a resting stage similar to a spore with a thick wall and low level of metabolism in parasite life cycles?

  • Sporozoite
  • Gametocyte
  • Trophozoite
  • Cyst (correct)

    • What is the infective stage introduced into a host by some parasitic sporozoans?

  • Sporozoite (correct)
  • Miracidium
  • Trochophore
  • Redia

    • Which term is used for parasites that infect a single species and have direct life cycles?

  • Indirect pathogens
  • Simple parasites
  • Direct pathogens (correct)
  • Complex parasites

    • Which parasitic infection is known to cause eosinophilic meningitis in humans?

    <p>Angiostrongylus cantonensis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is Angiostrongylus cantonensis primarily transmitted to humans?

    <p>Vector-snail/slug</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the migration of larvae of parasites to the eye, causing inflammation and damage?

    <p>Ocular larva migrans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major causative agent of lymphatic filariasis?

    <p>Wuchereria bancrofti</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parasite is transmitted by the black fly and can cause visual impairment and blindness?

    <p>Onchocerca volvulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parasite causes visceral larva migrans and can infect various organs including the liver, heart, and CNS?

    <p>Toxocara sp.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of ocular larva migrans infection?

    <p>Visual impairment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parasite can cause eosinophilic meningitis in humans?

    <p>Toxocara sp.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parasite can cause parasitic encephalitis when humans are infected?

    <p>Onchocerca volvulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parasite causes space-occupying lesions in several organs including the liver and brain?

    <p>Taenia solium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parasite is one of the largest trematodes to infect man and causes inflammation, ulceration, and hemorrhage in the small intestine?

    <p>Fasciola hepatica</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parasite is primarily a parasite of sheep but can cause severe anemia in humans?

    <p>Fasciola hepatica</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What parasite is acquired through ingestion of infective immature forms in raw or pickled fish and causes liver infection?

    <p>Clonorchis sinensis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parasite is associated with hydatid cysts and can cause severe complications in the liver?

    <p>Echinococcus granulosus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parasite is responsible for causing clonorchiasis, an infection of the liver?

    <p>Clonorchis sinensis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common name for Angiostrongylus cantonensis?

    <p>Rat lungworm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of eosinophilic meningitis in Southeast Asia and the Pacific Basin?

    <p>Ingestion of snails and slugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can result in the accidental ingestion of snails and slugs that act as intermediate hosts for parasites like Angiostrongylus cantonensis?

    <p>Contaminated fruits and vegetables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can cause parasitic encephalitis from worms in the human CNS?

    <p>Antigens released by dead and living parasites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'visceral larva migrans (VLM)' refer to?

    <p>Parasites moving through organs and tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common route of acquiring Taenia solium infection?

    <p>Consuming uncooked pork</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parasite is chiefly tropical and prefers the large intestine?

    <p>Ancylostoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parasite is primarily acquired transdermally?

    <p>Ancylostoma and Necanter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parasite is prevalent in cold and temperate climates but rare in the tropics?

    <p>Pinworm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition does Ascaris cause?

    <p><strong>Ascariasis</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is Enterobius primarily transmitted?

    <p><strong>Fecal-oral transmission</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parasite can cause diarrhea, rectal prolapse, and anemia in heavily-infected individuals?

    <p><strong>Ancylostoma (hookworm)</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is Balantidium coli usually acquired by humans?

    <p>Via the fecal-oral route from pigs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protozoan parasite is the only ciliated protozoan known to infect humans?

    <p>Balantidium coli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main mode of transmission of malaria to humans?

    <p>Mosquito bites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the complex life cycle of malaria involving the sporozoite, hypozoites, and merozoites?

    <p>Injection of sporozoites by a mosquito vector</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which intestine-infecting protozoan is known for causing a diarrheal syndrome that can lead to colonic ulceration?

    <p>Balantidium coli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common mode of transmission for Toxoplasma gondii?

    <p>Through ingestion of oocysts from cat feces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of Leishmania sp. infection produces widespread skin lesions resembling leprosy?

    <p>Diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is Balantidium coli primarily transmitted to humans?

    <p>Through ingestion of contaminated water or food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protozoan parasite can cause severe diarrhea and is commonly acquired through contaminated water sources?

    <p>Cryptosporidium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parasite is responsible for causing malaria in humans?

    <p>Plasmodium vivax</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protozoan parasite forms trophozoites and can cause intestinal infections in humans?

    <p>Balantidium coli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What parasite is known for causing severe diarrhea in humans, especially in immunocompromised individuals?

    <p>Cryptosporidium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parasite can cause dysentery-like symptoms and is commonly transmitted through contaminated water or food?

    <p>Balantidium coli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protozoan parasite is responsible for causing the most severe form of malaria in humans?

    <p>Plasmodium falciparum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which intestinal parasite is associated with causing bloody diarrhea and can infect pigs as well as humans?

    <p>Balantidium coli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protozoan parasite is responsible for causing a diarrheal illness known as balantidiasis?

    <p>Balantidium coli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is cryptosporidiosis usually transmitted to humans?

    <p>By consuming contaminated water or food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic symptom of Balantidium coli infection in humans?

    <p>Rectal prolapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does malaria primarily spread among humans?

    <p>From mosquito bites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the transmission of Toxoplasma gondii to humans?

    <p>Contact with infected cat feces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom associated with intestinal parasites like Toxocara sp. in humans?

    <p>Visceral larva migrans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way can ingestion of infective immature forms of intestinal parasites like Toxocara sp. from dog or cat feces affect humans?

    <p>Resulting in inflammation and damage to various organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of transmission for Cryptosporidium sp.?

    <p>Ingestion of contaminated water or food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protozoan parasite forms cysts and causes a diarrheal syndrome that can lead to colonic ulceration?

    <p>Giardia lamblia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is Balantidium coli primarily acquired by humans?

    <p>Ingestion of undercooked pork</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which genus of protozoa includes Plasmodium sp., the parasite responsible for causing malaria in humans?

    <p>Plasmodium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which intestinal parasite has a complex life cycle involving sporozoites, hypnozoites, and merozoites?

    <p>Plasmodium sp.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main route of transmission for malaria to humans?

    <p>Bite of infected Anopheles mosquitoes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parasite can cause blindness?

    <p>Angiostrongylus cantonensis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fungal organism causes Rose handler’s disease?

    <p>Cryptococcus neoformans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What disease is caused by Plasmodium vivax?

    <p>Malaria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which arthropod vector transmits Trypanosoma brucei?

    <p>Tse Tse fly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What organ is infected by Paragonimus westermani?

    <p>Lung</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protozoal organism causes sleeping sickness in humans?

    <p>Trypanosoma brucei</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What's the disease caused by Candida?

    <p>Thrush</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What disease is caused by Angiostrongylus, a parasite that can be acquired from snail slime?

    <p>Cysticercosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fungal organism causes Rose handler’s disease?

    <p>Trichophyton sp.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protozoal organism causes Chagas disease?

    <p>Naegleria fowleri</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the arthropod vector for Leishmania sp.?

    <p>Tse Tse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ is infected by Schistosoma haematobium?

    <p>Intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What disease is caused by Pneumocystis carinii?

    <p>Meningitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Roundworms

    • Onchocerca volvulus causes visual impairment, blindness, and severe itching of the skin, and is the second most common cause of infectious blindness after trachoma.
    • Toxocara sp. causes Toxocariasis, a worldwide infection of dogs and cats, which can cause visceral larva migrans (VLM) in humans, leading to inflammation and damage in various organs.
    • Angiostrongylus cantonensis causes eosinophilic meningitis and is commonly found in Southeast Asia and the Pacific Basin.

    Fungi

    • Pneumocystis carinii causes Pneumonia.
    • Cryptococcus neoformans causes Meningitis.
    • Sporothrix schenckii causes Rose handler’s disease.
    • Trichophyton sp. causes Tinea.
    • Candida sp. causes candidiasis/thrush.

    Protozoa

    • Plasmodium vivax causes Malaria.
    • Entamoeba histolytica causes Dysentary.
    • Naegleria fowleri causes Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM).
    • Trypanosoma brucei causes Sleeping sickness.
    • Trypanosoma cruzi causes Chagas disease.

    Arthropod Vectors

    • Onchocerca volvulus is transmitted by the black fly.
    • Plasmodium falciparum is transmitted by the mosquito.
    • Leishmania sp. is transmitted by the Sand fly.
    • Trypanosoma brucei is transmitted by the Tse Tse fly.
    • Wuchereria bancrofti is transmitted by the Mosquito.

    Organs Infected

    • Schistosoma haematobium infects the Bladder.
    • Paragonimus westermani infects the Lung.
    • Fasciola hepatica infects the Liver.
    • Clonorchis sinensis infects the Liver.
    • Fasciolopsis buski infects the Intestine.

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    Description

    Explore important systemic nematodes in microbiology parasitology, including Onchocerca volvulus, Wuchereria bancrofti, and Brugia malayi. Understand their transmission methods and associated diseases.

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