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Questions and Answers
Which term describes a resting stage similar to a spore with a thick wall and low level of metabolism in parasite life cycles?
Which term describes a resting stage similar to a spore with a thick wall and low level of metabolism in parasite life cycles?
- Sporozoite
- Gametocyte
- Trophozoite
- Cyst (correct)
What is the infective stage introduced into a host by some parasitic sporozoans?
What is the infective stage introduced into a host by some parasitic sporozoans?
- Sporozoite (correct)
- Miracidium
- Trochophore
- Redia
Which term is used for parasites that infect a single species and have direct life cycles?
Which term is used for parasites that infect a single species and have direct life cycles?
- Indirect pathogens
- Simple parasites
- Direct pathogens (correct)
- Complex parasites
Which parasitic infection is known to cause eosinophilic meningitis in humans?
Which parasitic infection is known to cause eosinophilic meningitis in humans?
How is Angiostrongylus cantonensis primarily transmitted to humans?
How is Angiostrongylus cantonensis primarily transmitted to humans?
Which term refers to the migration of larvae of parasites to the eye, causing inflammation and damage?
Which term refers to the migration of larvae of parasites to the eye, causing inflammation and damage?
What is the major causative agent of lymphatic filariasis?
What is the major causative agent of lymphatic filariasis?
Which parasite is transmitted by the black fly and can cause visual impairment and blindness?
Which parasite is transmitted by the black fly and can cause visual impairment and blindness?
Which parasite causes visceral larva migrans and can infect various organs including the liver, heart, and CNS?
Which parasite causes visceral larva migrans and can infect various organs including the liver, heart, and CNS?
What is a potential consequence of ocular larva migrans infection?
What is a potential consequence of ocular larva migrans infection?
Which parasite can cause eosinophilic meningitis in humans?
Which parasite can cause eosinophilic meningitis in humans?
Which parasite can cause parasitic encephalitis when humans are infected?
Which parasite can cause parasitic encephalitis when humans are infected?
Which parasite causes space-occupying lesions in several organs including the liver and brain?
Which parasite causes space-occupying lesions in several organs including the liver and brain?
Which parasite is one of the largest trematodes to infect man and causes inflammation, ulceration, and hemorrhage in the small intestine?
Which parasite is one of the largest trematodes to infect man and causes inflammation, ulceration, and hemorrhage in the small intestine?
Which parasite is primarily a parasite of sheep but can cause severe anemia in humans?
Which parasite is primarily a parasite of sheep but can cause severe anemia in humans?
What parasite is acquired through ingestion of infective immature forms in raw or pickled fish and causes liver infection?
What parasite is acquired through ingestion of infective immature forms in raw or pickled fish and causes liver infection?
Which parasite is associated with hydatid cysts and can cause severe complications in the liver?
Which parasite is associated with hydatid cysts and can cause severe complications in the liver?
Which parasite is responsible for causing clonorchiasis, an infection of the liver?
Which parasite is responsible for causing clonorchiasis, an infection of the liver?
What is the common name for Angiostrongylus cantonensis?
What is the common name for Angiostrongylus cantonensis?
What is the most common cause of eosinophilic meningitis in Southeast Asia and the Pacific Basin?
What is the most common cause of eosinophilic meningitis in Southeast Asia and the Pacific Basin?
What can result in the accidental ingestion of snails and slugs that act as intermediate hosts for parasites like Angiostrongylus cantonensis?
What can result in the accidental ingestion of snails and slugs that act as intermediate hosts for parasites like Angiostrongylus cantonensis?
Which of the following can cause parasitic encephalitis from worms in the human CNS?
Which of the following can cause parasitic encephalitis from worms in the human CNS?
What does the term 'visceral larva migrans (VLM)' refer to?
What does the term 'visceral larva migrans (VLM)' refer to?
What is a common route of acquiring Taenia solium infection?
What is a common route of acquiring Taenia solium infection?
Which parasite is chiefly tropical and prefers the large intestine?
Which parasite is chiefly tropical and prefers the large intestine?
Which parasite is primarily acquired transdermally?
Which parasite is primarily acquired transdermally?
Which parasite is prevalent in cold and temperate climates but rare in the tropics?
Which parasite is prevalent in cold and temperate climates but rare in the tropics?
What condition does Ascaris cause?
What condition does Ascaris cause?
How is Enterobius primarily transmitted?
How is Enterobius primarily transmitted?
Which parasite can cause diarrhea, rectal prolapse, and anemia in heavily-infected individuals?
Which parasite can cause diarrhea, rectal prolapse, and anemia in heavily-infected individuals?
How is Balantidium coli usually acquired by humans?
How is Balantidium coli usually acquired by humans?
Which protozoan parasite is the only ciliated protozoan known to infect humans?
Which protozoan parasite is the only ciliated protozoan known to infect humans?
What is the main mode of transmission of malaria to humans?
What is the main mode of transmission of malaria to humans?
What defines the complex life cycle of malaria involving the sporozoite, hypozoites, and merozoites?
What defines the complex life cycle of malaria involving the sporozoite, hypozoites, and merozoites?
Which intestine-infecting protozoan is known for causing a diarrheal syndrome that can lead to colonic ulceration?
Which intestine-infecting protozoan is known for causing a diarrheal syndrome that can lead to colonic ulceration?
What is the most common mode of transmission for Toxoplasma gondii?
What is the most common mode of transmission for Toxoplasma gondii?
Which type of Leishmania sp. infection produces widespread skin lesions resembling leprosy?
Which type of Leishmania sp. infection produces widespread skin lesions resembling leprosy?
How is Balantidium coli primarily transmitted to humans?
How is Balantidium coli primarily transmitted to humans?
Which protozoan parasite can cause severe diarrhea and is commonly acquired through contaminated water sources?
Which protozoan parasite can cause severe diarrhea and is commonly acquired through contaminated water sources?
Which parasite is responsible for causing malaria in humans?
Which parasite is responsible for causing malaria in humans?
Which protozoan parasite forms trophozoites and can cause intestinal infections in humans?
Which protozoan parasite forms trophozoites and can cause intestinal infections in humans?
What parasite is known for causing severe diarrhea in humans, especially in immunocompromised individuals?
What parasite is known for causing severe diarrhea in humans, especially in immunocompromised individuals?
Which parasite can cause dysentery-like symptoms and is commonly transmitted through contaminated water or food?
Which parasite can cause dysentery-like symptoms and is commonly transmitted through contaminated water or food?
Which protozoan parasite is responsible for causing the most severe form of malaria in humans?
Which protozoan parasite is responsible for causing the most severe form of malaria in humans?
Which intestinal parasite is associated with causing bloody diarrhea and can infect pigs as well as humans?
Which intestinal parasite is associated with causing bloody diarrhea and can infect pigs as well as humans?
Which protozoan parasite is responsible for causing a diarrheal illness known as balantidiasis?
Which protozoan parasite is responsible for causing a diarrheal illness known as balantidiasis?
How is cryptosporidiosis usually transmitted to humans?
How is cryptosporidiosis usually transmitted to humans?
What is a characteristic symptom of Balantidium coli infection in humans?
What is a characteristic symptom of Balantidium coli infection in humans?
How does malaria primarily spread among humans?
How does malaria primarily spread among humans?
Which of the following best describes the transmission of Toxoplasma gondii to humans?
Which of the following best describes the transmission of Toxoplasma gondii to humans?
What is a common symptom associated with intestinal parasites like Toxocara sp. in humans?
What is a common symptom associated with intestinal parasites like Toxocara sp. in humans?
In what way can ingestion of infective immature forms of intestinal parasites like Toxocara sp. from dog or cat feces affect humans?
In what way can ingestion of infective immature forms of intestinal parasites like Toxocara sp. from dog or cat feces affect humans?
What is the primary mode of transmission for Cryptosporidium sp.?
What is the primary mode of transmission for Cryptosporidium sp.?
Which protozoan parasite forms cysts and causes a diarrheal syndrome that can lead to colonic ulceration?
Which protozoan parasite forms cysts and causes a diarrheal syndrome that can lead to colonic ulceration?
How is Balantidium coli primarily acquired by humans?
How is Balantidium coli primarily acquired by humans?
Which genus of protozoa includes Plasmodium sp., the parasite responsible for causing malaria in humans?
Which genus of protozoa includes Plasmodium sp., the parasite responsible for causing malaria in humans?
Which intestinal parasite has a complex life cycle involving sporozoites, hypnozoites, and merozoites?
Which intestinal parasite has a complex life cycle involving sporozoites, hypnozoites, and merozoites?
What is the main route of transmission for malaria to humans?
What is the main route of transmission for malaria to humans?
Which parasite can cause blindness?
Which parasite can cause blindness?
Which fungal organism causes Rose handler’s disease?
Which fungal organism causes Rose handler’s disease?
What disease is caused by Plasmodium vivax?
What disease is caused by Plasmodium vivax?
Which arthropod vector transmits Trypanosoma brucei?
Which arthropod vector transmits Trypanosoma brucei?
What organ is infected by Paragonimus westermani?
What organ is infected by Paragonimus westermani?
Which protozoal organism causes sleeping sickness in humans?
Which protozoal organism causes sleeping sickness in humans?
What's the disease caused by Candida?
What's the disease caused by Candida?
What disease is caused by Angiostrongylus, a parasite that can be acquired from snail slime?
What disease is caused by Angiostrongylus, a parasite that can be acquired from snail slime?
Which fungal organism causes Rose handler’s disease?
Which fungal organism causes Rose handler’s disease?
Which protozoal organism causes Chagas disease?
Which protozoal organism causes Chagas disease?
What is the arthropod vector for Leishmania sp.?
What is the arthropod vector for Leishmania sp.?
Which organ is infected by Schistosoma haematobium?
Which organ is infected by Schistosoma haematobium?
What disease is caused by Pneumocystis carinii?
What disease is caused by Pneumocystis carinii?
Study Notes
Roundworms
- Onchocerca volvulus causes visual impairment, blindness, and severe itching of the skin, and is the second most common cause of infectious blindness after trachoma.
- Toxocara sp. causes Toxocariasis, a worldwide infection of dogs and cats, which can cause visceral larva migrans (VLM) in humans, leading to inflammation and damage in various organs.
- Angiostrongylus cantonensis causes eosinophilic meningitis and is commonly found in Southeast Asia and the Pacific Basin.
Fungi
- Pneumocystis carinii causes Pneumonia.
- Cryptococcus neoformans causes Meningitis.
- Sporothrix schenckii causes Rose handler’s disease.
- Trichophyton sp. causes Tinea.
- Candida sp. causes candidiasis/thrush.
Protozoa
- Plasmodium vivax causes Malaria.
- Entamoeba histolytica causes Dysentary.
- Naegleria fowleri causes Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM).
- Trypanosoma brucei causes Sleeping sickness.
- Trypanosoma cruzi causes Chagas disease.
Arthropod Vectors
- Onchocerca volvulus is transmitted by the black fly.
- Plasmodium falciparum is transmitted by the mosquito.
- Leishmania sp. is transmitted by the Sand fly.
- Trypanosoma brucei is transmitted by the Tse Tse fly.
- Wuchereria bancrofti is transmitted by the Mosquito.
Organs Infected
- Schistosoma haematobium infects the Bladder.
- Paragonimus westermani infects the Lung.
- Fasciola hepatica infects the Liver.
- Clonorchis sinensis infects the Liver.
- Fasciolopsis buski infects the Intestine.
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Description
Explore important systemic nematodes in microbiology parasitology, including Onchocerca volvulus, Wuchereria bancrofti, and Brugia malayi. Understand their transmission methods and associated diseases.
