71 Questions
Which term describes a resting stage similar to a spore with a thick wall and low level of metabolism in parasite life cycles?
Cyst
What is the infective stage introduced into a host by some parasitic sporozoans?
Sporozoite
Which term is used for parasites that infect a single species and have direct life cycles?
Direct pathogens
Which parasitic infection is known to cause eosinophilic meningitis in humans?
Angiostrongylus cantonensis
How is Angiostrongylus cantonensis primarily transmitted to humans?
Vector-snail/slug
Which term refers to the migration of larvae of parasites to the eye, causing inflammation and damage?
Ocular larva migrans
What is the major causative agent of lymphatic filariasis?
Wuchereria bancrofti
Which parasite is transmitted by the black fly and can cause visual impairment and blindness?
Onchocerca volvulus
Which parasite causes visceral larva migrans and can infect various organs including the liver, heart, and CNS?
Toxocara sp.
What is a potential consequence of ocular larva migrans infection?
Visual impairment
Which parasite can cause eosinophilic meningitis in humans?
Toxocara sp.
Which parasite can cause parasitic encephalitis when humans are infected?
Onchocerca volvulus
Which parasite causes space-occupying lesions in several organs including the liver and brain?
Taenia solium
Which parasite is one of the largest trematodes to infect man and causes inflammation, ulceration, and hemorrhage in the small intestine?
Fasciola hepatica
Which parasite is primarily a parasite of sheep but can cause severe anemia in humans?
Fasciola hepatica
What parasite is acquired through ingestion of infective immature forms in raw or pickled fish and causes liver infection?
Clonorchis sinensis
Which parasite is associated with hydatid cysts and can cause severe complications in the liver?
Echinococcus granulosus
Which parasite is responsible for causing clonorchiasis, an infection of the liver?
Clonorchis sinensis
What is the common name for Angiostrongylus cantonensis?
Rat lungworm
What is the most common cause of eosinophilic meningitis in Southeast Asia and the Pacific Basin?
Ingestion of snails and slugs
What can result in the accidental ingestion of snails and slugs that act as intermediate hosts for parasites like Angiostrongylus cantonensis?
Contaminated fruits and vegetables
Which of the following can cause parasitic encephalitis from worms in the human CNS?
Antigens released by dead and living parasites
What does the term 'visceral larva migrans (VLM)' refer to?
Parasites moving through organs and tissues
What is a common route of acquiring Taenia solium infection?
Consuming uncooked pork
Which parasite is chiefly tropical and prefers the large intestine?
Ancylostoma
Which parasite is primarily acquired transdermally?
Ancylostoma and Necanter
Which parasite is prevalent in cold and temperate climates but rare in the tropics?
Pinworm
What condition does Ascaris cause?
Ascariasis
How is Enterobius primarily transmitted?
Fecal-oral transmission
Which parasite can cause diarrhea, rectal prolapse, and anemia in heavily-infected individuals?
Ancylostoma (hookworm)
How is Balantidium coli usually acquired by humans?
Via the fecal-oral route from pigs
Which protozoan parasite is the only ciliated protozoan known to infect humans?
Balantidium coli
What is the main mode of transmission of malaria to humans?
Mosquito bites
What defines the complex life cycle of malaria involving the sporozoite, hypozoites, and merozoites?
Injection of sporozoites by a mosquito vector
Which intestine-infecting protozoan is known for causing a diarrheal syndrome that can lead to colonic ulceration?
Balantidium coli
What is the most common mode of transmission for Toxoplasma gondii?
Through ingestion of oocysts from cat feces
Which type of Leishmania sp. infection produces widespread skin lesions resembling leprosy?
Diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis
How is Balantidium coli primarily transmitted to humans?
Through ingestion of contaminated water or food
Which protozoan parasite can cause severe diarrhea and is commonly acquired through contaminated water sources?
Cryptosporidium
Which parasite is responsible for causing malaria in humans?
Plasmodium vivax
Which protozoan parasite forms trophozoites and can cause intestinal infections in humans?
Balantidium coli
What parasite is known for causing severe diarrhea in humans, especially in immunocompromised individuals?
Cryptosporidium
Which parasite can cause dysentery-like symptoms and is commonly transmitted through contaminated water or food?
Balantidium coli
Which protozoan parasite is responsible for causing the most severe form of malaria in humans?
Plasmodium falciparum
Which intestinal parasite is associated with causing bloody diarrhea and can infect pigs as well as humans?
Balantidium coli
Which protozoan parasite is responsible for causing a diarrheal illness known as balantidiasis?
Balantidium coli
How is cryptosporidiosis usually transmitted to humans?
By consuming contaminated water or food
What is a characteristic symptom of Balantidium coli infection in humans?
Rectal prolapse
How does malaria primarily spread among humans?
From mosquito bites
Which of the following best describes the transmission of Toxoplasma gondii to humans?
Contact with infected cat feces
What is a common symptom associated with intestinal parasites like Toxocara sp. in humans?
Visceral larva migrans
In what way can ingestion of infective immature forms of intestinal parasites like Toxocara sp. from dog or cat feces affect humans?
Resulting in inflammation and damage to various organs
What is the primary mode of transmission for Cryptosporidium sp.?
Ingestion of contaminated water or food
Which protozoan parasite forms cysts and causes a diarrheal syndrome that can lead to colonic ulceration?
Giardia lamblia
How is Balantidium coli primarily acquired by humans?
Ingestion of undercooked pork
Which genus of protozoa includes Plasmodium sp., the parasite responsible for causing malaria in humans?
Plasmodium
Which intestinal parasite has a complex life cycle involving sporozoites, hypnozoites, and merozoites?
Plasmodium sp.
What is the main route of transmission for malaria to humans?
Bite of infected Anopheles mosquitoes
Which parasite can cause blindness?
Angiostrongylus cantonensis
Which fungal organism causes Rose handler’s disease?
Cryptococcus neoformans
What disease is caused by Plasmodium vivax?
Malaria
Which arthropod vector transmits Trypanosoma brucei?
Tse Tse fly
What organ is infected by Paragonimus westermani?
Lung
Which protozoal organism causes sleeping sickness in humans?
Trypanosoma brucei
What's the disease caused by Candida?
Thrush
What disease is caused by Angiostrongylus, a parasite that can be acquired from snail slime?
Cysticercosis
Which fungal organism causes Rose handler’s disease?
Trichophyton sp.
Which protozoal organism causes Chagas disease?
Naegleria fowleri
What is the arthropod vector for Leishmania sp.?
Tse Tse
Which organ is infected by Schistosoma haematobium?
Intestine
What disease is caused by Pneumocystis carinii?
Meningitis
Study Notes
Roundworms
- Onchocerca volvulus causes visual impairment, blindness, and severe itching of the skin, and is the second most common cause of infectious blindness after trachoma.
- Toxocara sp. causes Toxocariasis, a worldwide infection of dogs and cats, which can cause visceral larva migrans (VLM) in humans, leading to inflammation and damage in various organs.
- Angiostrongylus cantonensis causes eosinophilic meningitis and is commonly found in Southeast Asia and the Pacific Basin.
Fungi
- Pneumocystis carinii causes Pneumonia.
- Cryptococcus neoformans causes Meningitis.
- Sporothrix schenckii causes Rose handler’s disease.
- Trichophyton sp. causes Tinea.
- Candida sp. causes candidiasis/thrush.
Protozoa
- Plasmodium vivax causes Malaria.
- Entamoeba histolytica causes Dysentary.
- Naegleria fowleri causes Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM).
- Trypanosoma brucei causes Sleeping sickness.
- Trypanosoma cruzi causes Chagas disease.
Arthropod Vectors
- Onchocerca volvulus is transmitted by the black fly.
- Plasmodium falciparum is transmitted by the mosquito.
- Leishmania sp. is transmitted by the Sand fly.
- Trypanosoma brucei is transmitted by the Tse Tse fly.
- Wuchereria bancrofti is transmitted by the Mosquito.
Organs Infected
- Schistosoma haematobium infects the Bladder.
- Paragonimus westermani infects the Lung.
- Fasciola hepatica infects the Liver.
- Clonorchis sinensis infects the Liver.
- Fasciolopsis buski infects the Intestine.
Explore important systemic nematodes in microbiology parasitology, including Onchocerca volvulus, Wuchereria bancrofti, and Brugia malayi. Understand their transmission methods and associated diseases.
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