Microbiology Basics in Hospital Setting
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Questions and Answers

What is the minimum size of an object that can be seen with the naked eye?

  • 40 microns
  • 90 microns (correct)
  • 10 microns
  • 1 micron

    • Why is it necessary to use microscopes to view microorganisms?

  • They are only visible under a certain temperature
  • They are only visible in certain lighting conditions
  • They are too small to be seen with the naked eye (correct)
  • They are only visible during certain phases of their life cycle

    • What is the purpose of culturing microorganisms?

  • To grow them into a detectable size (correct)
  • To view them under a microscope
  • To study their behavior under different conditions
  • To destroy them

    • Why do disinfection and sterilization come after cleaning?

    <p>Because dirt and microbes may resist removal by lodging in any crevices or surface imperfections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the study of microscopic organisms?

    <p>Microbiology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another term for microorganisms?

    <p>Germs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of understanding the chain of infection?

    <p>To understand how microorganisms are transmitted</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the agents that cause transmissible spongiform encephalopathy?

    <p>Prions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does IFU stand for in the context of microbiology?

    <p>Instructions for Use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of microbe is best studied?

    <p>Pathogenic microbe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a microbe with a high rate of mutation?

    <p>Influenza virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a microbial resistant bacteria?

    <p>Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often do bacteria double in number?

    <p>Every 20-30 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of virus has a lipid envelope?

    <p>Hepatitis B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the natural form of growth for most microbes?

    <p>Biofilm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of protozoa?

    <p>Large complex one-celled parasite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of virus is more susceptible to infection days later?

    <p>Non-enveloped virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of fungal growth?

    <p>Grow in a filamentous root-like structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of prions that enables them to cause disease?

    <p>They can fold into abnormal shapes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are prions difficult to remove from reusable medical devices?

    <p>They are very small in size and adhere strongly to surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated ratio of microbial cells to human cells in the average human body?

    <p>1.3:1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated rate of skin cell shedding per hour per square centimeter?

    <p>1300 cells/cm^2/hour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of wearing a plastic bib or apron during decontamination procedures?

    <p>To protect against splashes of blood or body fluids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended practice for handling gloves during environmental cleaning activities?

    <p>Wash your hands before and after using gloves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of prion-like agents?

    <p>They are very small molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated age of microbes on earth?

    <p>3.5 billion years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to have a traceability system for reusable medical devices?

    <p>To prevent the use of contaminated devices on other patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of wearing a gown with long-cuffed sleeves during decontamination procedures?

    <p>To provide extra protection against splashes of blood or body fluids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes bacteria difficult to remove from surfaces during cleaning?

    <p>They are small and can lodge in uneven surfaces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are there many different methods available for identifying bacteria?

    <p>Because all microbes have been studied for the longest time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which viruses infect cells?

    <p>They convert host cells into factories that produce copies of themselves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are bloodborne viruses a frequent risk to healthcare staff?

    <p>Because they are easily transmitted through blood contact.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method used to detect and identify viruses in the laboratory?

    <p>Tissue culture methods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are viruses not killed by disinfection or heat?

    <p>Because they are not alive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cytopathic effect of viruses on cells in culture?

    <p>The formation of plaques or areas of destruction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between bacteria and viruses in terms of their response to disinfection and heat?

    <p>Bacteria are susceptible to disinfection, while viruses are resistant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you avoid doing once you have started work with gloves?

    <p>Touching your mask, eyes, or face with your gloves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should you remove used gloves before touching anything?

    <p>To prevent contamination of surfaces and pens through contact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you do with dedicated shoes or clogs when they are damaged?

    <p>Discard them in the waste container</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of wearing a scrub uniform in the IAP or sterile storage zones?

    <p>To protect the reusable medical devices and their environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often should you change your scrub uniform?

    <p>Daily or whenever they become visibly soiled or wet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you wear on your head in the IAP or sterile storage zones?

    <p>A clean, single-use, low-lint surgical hat or hood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of footwear should you wear in the IAP or sterile storage zones?

    <p>Dedicated non-slip enclosed footwear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of jewelry is allowed to be worn in CSSD?

    <p>A plain wedding band and stud earrings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    What is Microbiology?

    • Microbiology is the study of microscopic organisms, also named as microbes or germs.
    • Microorganisms are not visible to the naked eye, but can be viewed using light and electron microscopes, or by culturing them until they grow into a detectable colony.

    Characteristics of Microorganisms

    • Bacteria:
      • Small microorganisms that come in many shapes and types.
      • Multiply by cell division, and some types can produce protective spores.
      • Harmful bacteria can produce toxins that damage host tissue.
    • Viruses:
      • Small, non-living infectious objects that contain genetic information.
      • Hijack living cells in the body, converting them into factories that make hundreds or thousands of copies of themselves.
    • Fungi:
      • Large to medium-sized organisms that grow in filamentous root-like structures called hyphae.
      • Some live on our skin and in our gut naturally, but can cause disease.
    • Protozoa:
      • Large, complex, one-celled parasites that can spend part of their lifecycle in our bodies.
      • Can cause diseases such as malaria or dysentery.
    • Yeast:
      • Single-celled organisms with a nucleus, and a type of fungi.
      • Larger than bacteria, multiply by budding, and some live in our body naturally.

    Infection Prevention and Control

    • The chain of infection:
      • Involves the transmission of microorganisms from one person to another.
      • Can be broken by preventing contact between the source of infection and the susceptible host.
    • Personal Hygiene:
      • Important for preventing the spread of infection.
      • Includes washing hands, wearing PPE, and following proper cleaning and disinfection procedures.
    • Decontamination Zone PPE Requirements:
      • Gowns with long-cuffed sleeves to protect from splashes of blood or body fluids.
      • Masks and eye protection to reduce the risk of microbes being transferred to the eyes, nose, and mouth.
      • Gloves to protect hands from contamination during environmental cleaning activity and handling contaminated reusable medical devices and waste.
      • Shoes or shoe covers to protect regular shoes from becoming wet and contaminated during cleaning procedures.

    Cleaning and Disinfection

    • Importance of cleaning and disinfection in preventing the spread of infection:
      • Removing dirt and microorganisms from surfaces and equipment.
      • Preventing the transmission of microorganisms from one person to another.
    • Methods of cleaning and disinfection:
      • Physical removal of dirt and microorganisms using soap and water.
      • Chemical disinfection using disinfectants to kill microorganisms.
      • Sterilization using heat or radiation to kill all microorganisms.

    Control and Destruction of Micro-organisms

    • Prevention of microbial growth:
      • Control of environmental conditions, such as temperature, pH, and humidity.
      • Use of disinfectants and sterilization methods.
    • Destruction of micro-organisms:
      • Physical methods, such as heat and radiation.
      • Chemical methods, such as disinfectants and antiseptics.

    Microbiological Hazards and Risks

    • Microbiological hazards:
      • Pathogenic microorganisms that can cause disease in humans.
      • Toxins and bioactive compounds produced by microorganisms.
    • Risks associated with microbiological hazards:
      • Infection and disease transmission.
      • Contamination of food, water, and environment.
      • Economic and social impacts of microbiological hazards.

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    Test your knowledge of microbiology fundamentals, including identification and classification of microorganisms, non-bacterial organisms, and the chain of infection. Essential for understanding hospital settings.

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