Microbiology: Bacteria, Fungi, and Ecology

A polysaccharide layer outside the cell wall, providing enhanced protection and adhesion for bacterial cells.

Hair-like structures on bacteria involved in adhesion and genetic material transfer during conjugation.

Single-celled, eukaryotic microorganisms, including yeasts, molds, and mushrooms; characterized by membrane-bound organelles and a nucleus.

Thread-like structures that form a network called mycelium in multicellular fungi.

Microbes obtain energy and nutrients to grow and reproduce via these biochemical processes.

Microbes that use light as an energy source.

An anaerobic process breaking down organic compounds to produce energy, often resulting in byproducts like ethanol or lactic acid.

Ecological interaction where both organisms benefit, such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria in plant roots.

Using microbes to degrade pollutants in soil and water.

The totora-associated microbes are used for bioremediation in contaminated wetlands.