Microbiology and Inflammation
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Questions and Answers

What type of molecules act as an endogenous non-foreign alarm signal?

  • Self-molecules (correct)
  • Infecting agents
  • Foreign molecules
  • Physical agents

    • What is the result of edema in acutely inflamed tissue?

  • Redness
  • Swelling (correct)
  • Heat
  • Pain

    • What is the cause of increased temperature in inflamed tissue?

  • Increased blood flow (correct)
  • Increased vascular permeability
  • Vasodilatation
  • Systemic fever

    • What is the main reason for loss of function in an inflamed area?

    <p>Pain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to vessel calibre and flow early after injury?

    <p>Transient vasoconstriction followed by vasodilation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the formation of new connective tissue in an inflamed area?

    <p>Swelling (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of erythema and stasis of blood flow?

    <p>Vasodilation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of viruses multiplying inside cells?

    <p>Death of individual cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary response of the innate immune system to inflammation?

    <p>Activation of innate immune cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRR)?

    <p>To recognize and bind to specific pathogens (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of increased vascular permeability?

    <p>Fluid leak from blood vessels leading to edema (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of leukocyte predominates during the first 6-24 hours of inflammation?

    <p>Neutrophils (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the release of self-molecules from distressed cells?

    <p>Danger signal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of microbial infections?

    <p>Inflammation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final stage of neutrophil emigration?

    <p>Firm attachment to endothelium (adhesion) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of macrophage, neutrophils, and dendritic cells in inflammation?

    <p>To express Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRR) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to neutrophils after 24-48 hours?

    <p>They undergo apoptosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of hypersensitivity reaction mediated by IgE antibody on mast cells or basophils?

    <p>Type I (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of cytokines in inflammation?

    <p>To attract leukocytes to the site of inflammation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of leukotriene B4 in inflammation?

    <p>To attract leukocytes to the site of inflammation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of signals initiated by chemoattractants on leukocytes?

    <p>Leukocytes migrate in the direction of chemoattractants (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of opsonisation in inflammation?

    <p>To coat a bacterium or a particle to facilitate its phagocytosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sequence of events in phagocytosis?

    <p>Engulfment, phagosome, lysosome fuses with phagosome, releases enzymes to digest bacteria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of neutrophils and macrophages once they reach the site of inflammation?

    <p>To phagocytose and destroy microorganisms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the movement of leucocytes from the centre of the vessel towards the periphery?

    <p>Margination (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of binding that occurs during rolling adhesion?

    <p>Loose binding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule mediates the passage of neutrophils through the gaps between endothelial cells?

    <p>PECAM-1 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the movement of neutrophils towards the site of injury after exiting the circulation?

    <p>Chemotaxis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the firm adherence of leucocytes to endothelial cells?

    <p>Adhesion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stimulates the release of mediators that activate the endothelium?

    <p>The underlying stimulus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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