Socransky Postulates: Microbiology of Gingivitis and Periodontitis Quiz and Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is the main difference between gingivitis and periodontitis?

Gingivitis primarily affects the gum, while periodontitis affects the gum, cement, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone. (correct)

Gingivitis affects the entire population, while periodontitis is uncommon.

Gingivitis is caused by inadequate plaque control, while periodontitis is not plaque-induced.

Gingivitis is reversible, while periodontitis is irreversible.

Which bacteria are commonly associated with adult periodontitis?

Escherichia coli

Candida albicans

Streptococcus mutans

Porphyromonas gingivalis (correct)

What are the predisposing factors of the host that are important in the development of gingivitis and periodontitis?

Poor oral hygiene

Smoking and alcohol consumption

Metabolic disorders, blood dyscrasias, and drug consumption (correct)

Bacterial flora in the mouth

What is the etiology of plaque-induced gingivitis?

Bacterial plaque Signup and view all the answers

Which type of periodontitis is characterized by slow evolution and is the most frequent?

Chronic periodontitis Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes periodontitis from gingivitis?

Periodontitis involves loss of bone and periodontal ligament, whereas gingivitis does not. Signup and view all the answers

What is the predominant bacteria associated with early-onset peridontitis?

Aggregatibacter (Actinobacillus) actinomycetemcomitans Signup and view all the answers

Which type of periodontal infection is caused by an increase of commensal bacteria?

Infections by an increase of commensal bacteria Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of gingivitis?

Reversible by removing plaque Signup and view all the answers

Which bacteria produces gingi-pains that destroy collagen in the periodontal ligament?

Porphyromonas gingivalis Signup and view all the answers

What type of pathogenicity is characterized by invasion of periodontal tissue by different bacteria?

Tissue invasion Signup and view all the answers

Which bacteria invade the connective tissue in acute ulcerative gingivoperiodontitis (ANUG)?

Treponemes Signup and view all the answers

What does hyperresponsiveness lead to?

Bone destruction, osteoclast activation Signup and view all the answers

What type of response is related to the balance between factors that trigger harmful phenomena and factors that neutralize them?

Normal response Signup and view all the answers

Which bacteria is known for producing toxic metabolites like butyric acid and sulfur compounds?

Fusobacterium nucleatum Signup and view all the answers

Which bacteria has the ability to evade the host response by inhibiting B cells and causing destruction of components of the complement system and immunoglobulins?

Porphyromonas gingivalis Signup and view all the answers

Which periodontal disease involves a more rapid evolution and a bad response to treatment?

Early-onset peridontitis Signup and view all the answers

Which type of infections are usually isolated in healthy areas and not pathogens with high etiological association?

True infections Signup and view all the answers

What is the diagnostic implication of detecting intracytoplasmic enzymes in periodontal disease?

It's related to active periodontal lesions Signup and view all the answers

What is Socransky's postulate regarding the association of pathogens with periodontal disease?

The microorganisms must have specific virulence factors Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic method allows for the detection of specific bacteria from the periodontal pocket?

Sampling using an abrasive wire Signup and view all the answers

What is the main implication of analyzing gingival fluid in diagnosing periodontal disease?

It helps to monitor bone loss Signup and view all the answers

What is a risk factor associated with periodontitis related to genetic factors?

Deficit overproduction of IL-1 Signup and view all the answers

According to Socransky's postulates, what should happen if pathogens are eliminated?

The disease should be interrupted Signup and view all the answers

What is the main implication of analyzing peripheral blood markers in diagnosing periodontal disease?

It indicates the responsiveness of the host Signup and view all the answers

What is a behavioral risk factor associated with periodontitis?

"Increased cortisol in saliva" Signup and view all the answers

What is the hypothesis that has replaced the concept of nonspecific plaque in relation to periodontal disease?

"Specific plaque hypothesis" Signup and view all the answers

"Detection of PGE2 and interleukins" in analyzing gingival fluid is related to:

"Active periodontal lesions" Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Gingivitis and Periodontitis

The main difference between gingivitis and periodontitis is that gingivitis is a reversible inflammation of the gums, while periodontitis is a more severe infection that can lead to tooth loss.

Bacteria Associated with Periodontitis

Adult periodontitis is commonly associated with bacteria such as Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Tannerella forsythia.

Predisposing Factors for Gingivitis and Periodontitis

Predisposing factors of the host that are important in the development of gingivitis and periodontitis include genetic factors, smoking, and systemic diseases such as diabetes.

Etiology of Plaque-Induced Gingivitis

The etiology of plaque-induced gingivitis is the accumulation of bacterial plaque on the teeth, leading to an inflammatory response.

Types of Periodontitis

The most frequent type of periodontitis is chronic periodontitis, characterized by slow evolution.
Early-onset periodontitis is characterized by rapid evolution and a poor response to treatment.

Characteristics of Gingivitis and Periodontitis

Gingivitis is characterized by inflammation and redness of the gums, while periodontitis is characterized by inflammation and destruction of the periodontal tissues.

Bacteria and Periodontal Disease

Porphyromonas gingivalis produces gingipains that destroy collagen in the periodontal ligament.
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is known for producing toxic metabolites like butyric acid and sulfur compounds.
Tannerella forsythia can evade the host response by inhibiting B cells and causing destruction of components of the complement system and immunoglobulins.

Pathogenicity and Host Response

The invasion of periodontal tissue by different bacteria is characterized by a type of pathogenicity that involves the evasion of the host response.
Hyperresponsiveness leads to an exaggerated inflammatory response, which can contribute to the development of periodontal disease.

Diagnosis of Periodontal Disease

The detection of intracytoplasmic enzymes in periodontal disease has diagnostic implications for the presence of periodontal pathogens.
Socransky's postulate states that pathogens are associated with periodontal disease, and if eliminated, the disease would resolve.
PCR (polymerase chain reaction) allows for the detection of specific bacteria from the periodontal pocket.
Analyzing gingival fluid and peripheral blood markers can provide diagnostic information for periodontal disease.

Risk Factors and Prevention

Genetic factors, such as family history, are a risk factor associated with periodontitis.
Behavioral risk factors, such as smoking, are associated with periodontitis.
The detection of PGE2 and interleukins in gingival fluid is related to the inflammatory response in periodontal disease.

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Description

Explore the concepts of gingivitis and periodontitis in microbiology with this quiz. Test your knowledge of the inflammation of soft tissues around the teeth and the progressively destructive changes associated with periodontitis.

Microbiology of Gingivitis and Periodontitis