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18 Questions

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Microbiology and Immunity

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Questions and Answers

Which type of toxin is produced by gram-negative bacteria and is composed of lipopolysaccharides?

Superantigen

Cytotoxin

Exotoxin

Endotoxin (correct)

What is the first line of defense against pathogens in the immune system?

Inflammation response

Physical barriers (correct)

Phagocytosis

Antimicrobial factors

Which immune cells play a key role in the inflammation response by releasing histamine?

Dendritic cells

Mast cells (correct)

Macrophages

Neutrophils

What is the primary function of the complement system in the immune response?

Recognizing and eliminating pathogens Signup and view all the answers

Which type of immunity involves the activation of immune cells, such as T cells and B cells, in response to specific antigens?

Adaptive immunity Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of memory cells in the adaptive immune response?

Providing long-term immunity Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Antigen Presenting Cells (APCs)?

To present antigens to T cells and initiate an immune response Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of MHC-2 proteins in the immune system?

To present antigens to CD4+ T cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of cytotoxic T cells?

To recognize and eliminate infected cells using perforin and granzyme Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of interleukins in the immune system?

To coordinate the immune response by communicating between immune cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of natural killer cells?

To recognize and eliminate infected cells Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary method used by the Chinese to prevent smallpox in the early 1400’s?

Inoculation with a mild form of the virus Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary purpose of Koch's postulates?

To determine the causality of a disease Signup and view all the answers

What is a fomite?

An inanimate object that can carry pathogens Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which pathogens like Staphylococcus aureus avoid host defenses?

By producing capsules that prevent phagocytosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why healthcare facilities are susceptible to healthcare-associated infections (HAIs)?

Because of the use of invasive medical devices Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of IgA protease in pathogens?

To evade the host's immune system by degrading immunoglobulins Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of adherence used by pathogens like Streptococcus pyogenes?

By producing M protein that binds to host cells Signup and view all the answers