Microbiology Innate & Adaptive Immunity Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What technique involved inhaling dried crusts derived from smallpox pustules?

  • Variolation (correct)
  • Vaccination
  • Attenuation
  • Inoculation

    • Who reasoned that introducing fluid from a cowpox pustule might protect people from smallpox?

  • The milkmaids
  • The English physician
  • Edward Jenner (correct)
  • Louis Pasteur

    • Which component of immunity provides the first line of defense against infection?

  • Adaptive immunity
  • Pathogen immunity
  • Vaccine immunity
  • Innate immunity (correct)

    • Who demonstrated the possibility of weakening a pathogen and administering the weakened strain as a vaccine?

    <p>Louis Pasteur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the immune system?

    <p>To protect animals from invading microorganisms and cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the immune system respond once a foreign organism is recognized?

    <p>By recruiting cells and molecules to mount an appropriate response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is remarkable about the immune recognition process?

    <p>Its specificity in recognizing subtle chemical differences in foreign pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the immune system from the body’s own cells and proteins?

    <p>Ability to discriminate between foreign molecules and the body’s own cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of the respiratory burst during phagocytosis?

    <p>Increase in oxygen consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptor is responsible for binding a wide variety of polyanions on bacterial surfaces?

    <p>Scavenger receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of binding infectious agents via Toll-like receptors?

    <p>Phagocytosis and release of inflammatory cytokines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during phagocytosis to the bacterium engulfed in a phagolysosome?

    <p>It is exposed to the contents of the granules or lysosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the immune system?

    <p>Recognizing and eliminating foreign invaders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the immune recognition process?

    <p>Its specificity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the response of the immune system once a foreign organism has been recognized?

    <p>Recruitment of cells and molecules to mount an effectors' response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of the respiratory burst during phagocytosis?

    <p>Release of reactive oxygen species to kill engulfed microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process referred to as oxygen-dependent intracellular killing?

    <p>Production of oxygen-containing compounds to kill bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells can be identified by the presence of CD56 and CD16 and a lack of CD3 cell surface markers?

    <p>Natural Killer (NK) cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Lysozyme in oxygen-independent intracellular killing?

    <p>Breakdown of bacterial cell walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are patients with defects in oxygen-dependent killing pathways more susceptible to serious infections?

    <p>Since oxygen-dependent mechanisms are much more efficient in killing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process through which phagocytes cross the endothelial barrier?

    <p>Diapedesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecules bind to components on the surface of phagocytic cells near the site of infection?

    <p>ICAM-1 and selectins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stimulates endothelial cells near the site of infection to express cell adhesion molecules?

    <p>Vasodilators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptors on phagocytic cells bind to the 3rd component of complement, C3b?

    <p>Complement receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of the respiratory burst during phagocytosis?

    <p>Increase in glucose and oxygen consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptors bind a wide variety of polyanions on bacterial surfaces, resulting in phagocytosis of bacteria?

    <p>Scavenger receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the bacterium during phagocytosis, after the pseudopods eventually surround and engulf it?

    <p>It is enclosed in a phagolysosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptors recognize broad molecular patterns called PAMPs (pathogen associated molecular patterns) on infectious agents?

    <p>Toll-like receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells selectively kill virus-infected and malignant cells while sparing normal cells?

    <p>NK cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Fc receptors on killer cells like NK and LAK cells?

    <p>Recognize, bind, and kill target cells coated with antibody</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mediates antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) in killer (K) cells?

    <p>Fc receptors for antibody on killer cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to NK cells upon exposure to IL-2 and IFN-gamma?

    <p>They become LAK cells, capable of killing malignant cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do NK and LAK cells distinguish a normal cell from a virus-infected or malignant cell?

    <p>By the expression of class I MHC molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of the KIR binding to its ligand on a target cell?

    <p>It inhibits killing by NK or LAK cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are virus-infected and malignant cells more susceptible to killing by NK and LAK cells?

    <p>They downregulate expression of class I MHC molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of parasite would be unable to live or develop further in a human host?

    <p>Aberrant parasite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of host harbors the adult parasite, where the parasite replicates sexually?

    <p>Definitive host</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of host can harbor a pathogen indefinitely with no ill effects?

    <p>Reservoir host</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do we call the nonparasitic stages of existence of a parasite which live independently of a host?

    <p>Free-living</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a compromised host?

    <p>A host with impaired defense mechanisms, for example, a person with AIDS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is commensalism?

    <p>An association where only the parasite benefits without detectable damage to the host</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Genus' refer to in the context of animal parasite classification?

    <p>A group of closely related species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a vector?

    <p>An agent, usually an insect that transmits infection from one human host to another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the initial symptoms of the disease caused by Naegleria fowleri?

    <p>Frontal headache and fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may happen if the olfactory lobes are involved in the disease caused by Naegleria fowleri?

    <p>Disturbances in smell or taste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does it usually take for the disease caused by Naegleria fowleri to result in death from the onset of symptoms?

    <p>72 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which laboratory technique can be used to cultivate N. fowleri from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens?

    <p>Simple wet-mount preparation</p> Signup and view all the answers

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