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Questions and Answers
What technique involved inhaling dried crusts derived from smallpox pustules?
What technique involved inhaling dried crusts derived from smallpox pustules?
Who reasoned that introducing fluid from a cowpox pustule might protect people from smallpox?
Who reasoned that introducing fluid from a cowpox pustule might protect people from smallpox?
Which component of immunity provides the first line of defense against infection?
Which component of immunity provides the first line of defense against infection?
Who demonstrated the possibility of weakening a pathogen and administering the weakened strain as a vaccine?
Who demonstrated the possibility of weakening a pathogen and administering the weakened strain as a vaccine?
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What is the primary function of the immune system?
What is the primary function of the immune system?
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How does the immune system respond once a foreign organism is recognized?
How does the immune system respond once a foreign organism is recognized?
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What is remarkable about the immune recognition process?
What is remarkable about the immune recognition process?
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What distinguishes the immune system from the body’s own cells and proteins?
What distinguishes the immune system from the body’s own cells and proteins?
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What is the consequence of the respiratory burst during phagocytosis?
What is the consequence of the respiratory burst during phagocytosis?
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Which receptor is responsible for binding a wide variety of polyanions on bacterial surfaces?
Which receptor is responsible for binding a wide variety of polyanions on bacterial surfaces?
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What is the result of binding infectious agents via Toll-like receptors?
What is the result of binding infectious agents via Toll-like receptors?
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What happens during phagocytosis to the bacterium engulfed in a phagolysosome?
What happens during phagocytosis to the bacterium engulfed in a phagolysosome?
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What is the main function of the immune system?
What is the main function of the immune system?
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What distinguishes the immune recognition process?
What distinguishes the immune recognition process?
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What is the response of the immune system once a foreign organism has been recognized?
What is the response of the immune system once a foreign organism has been recognized?
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What is the consequence of the respiratory burst during phagocytosis?
What is the consequence of the respiratory burst during phagocytosis?
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What is the process referred to as oxygen-dependent intracellular killing?
What is the process referred to as oxygen-dependent intracellular killing?
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Which cells can be identified by the presence of CD56 and CD16 and a lack of CD3 cell surface markers?
Which cells can be identified by the presence of CD56 and CD16 and a lack of CD3 cell surface markers?
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What is the primary function of Lysozyme in oxygen-independent intracellular killing?
What is the primary function of Lysozyme in oxygen-independent intracellular killing?
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Why are patients with defects in oxygen-dependent killing pathways more susceptible to serious infections?
Why are patients with defects in oxygen-dependent killing pathways more susceptible to serious infections?
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What is the process through which phagocytes cross the endothelial barrier?
What is the process through which phagocytes cross the endothelial barrier?
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Which molecules bind to components on the surface of phagocytic cells near the site of infection?
Which molecules bind to components on the surface of phagocytic cells near the site of infection?
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What stimulates endothelial cells near the site of infection to express cell adhesion molecules?
What stimulates endothelial cells near the site of infection to express cell adhesion molecules?
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Which receptors on phagocytic cells bind to the 3rd component of complement, C3b?
Which receptors on phagocytic cells bind to the 3rd component of complement, C3b?
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What is the consequence of the respiratory burst during phagocytosis?
What is the consequence of the respiratory burst during phagocytosis?
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Which receptors bind a wide variety of polyanions on bacterial surfaces, resulting in phagocytosis of bacteria?
Which receptors bind a wide variety of polyanions on bacterial surfaces, resulting in phagocytosis of bacteria?
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What happens to the bacterium during phagocytosis, after the pseudopods eventually surround and engulf it?
What happens to the bacterium during phagocytosis, after the pseudopods eventually surround and engulf it?
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Which receptors recognize broad molecular patterns called PAMPs (pathogen associated molecular patterns) on infectious agents?
Which receptors recognize broad molecular patterns called PAMPs (pathogen associated molecular patterns) on infectious agents?
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Which type of cells selectively kill virus-infected and malignant cells while sparing normal cells?
Which type of cells selectively kill virus-infected and malignant cells while sparing normal cells?
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What is the role of Fc receptors on killer cells like NK and LAK cells?
What is the role of Fc receptors on killer cells like NK and LAK cells?
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What mediates antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) in killer (K) cells?
What mediates antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) in killer (K) cells?
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What happens to NK cells upon exposure to IL-2 and IFN-gamma?
What happens to NK cells upon exposure to IL-2 and IFN-gamma?
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How do NK and LAK cells distinguish a normal cell from a virus-infected or malignant cell?
How do NK and LAK cells distinguish a normal cell from a virus-infected or malignant cell?
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What is the consequence of the KIR binding to its ligand on a target cell?
What is the consequence of the KIR binding to its ligand on a target cell?
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Why are virus-infected and malignant cells more susceptible to killing by NK and LAK cells?
Why are virus-infected and malignant cells more susceptible to killing by NK and LAK cells?
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Which type of parasite would be unable to live or develop further in a human host?
Which type of parasite would be unable to live or develop further in a human host?
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What type of host harbors the adult parasite, where the parasite replicates sexually?
What type of host harbors the adult parasite, where the parasite replicates sexually?
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Which type of host can harbor a pathogen indefinitely with no ill effects?
Which type of host can harbor a pathogen indefinitely with no ill effects?
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What do we call the nonparasitic stages of existence of a parasite which live independently of a host?
What do we call the nonparasitic stages of existence of a parasite which live independently of a host?
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What is a compromised host?
What is a compromised host?
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What is commensalism?
What is commensalism?
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What does the term 'Genus' refer to in the context of animal parasite classification?
What does the term 'Genus' refer to in the context of animal parasite classification?
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What is a vector?
What is a vector?
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What are the initial symptoms of the disease caused by Naegleria fowleri?
What are the initial symptoms of the disease caused by Naegleria fowleri?
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What may happen if the olfactory lobes are involved in the disease caused by Naegleria fowleri?
What may happen if the olfactory lobes are involved in the disease caused by Naegleria fowleri?
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How long does it usually take for the disease caused by Naegleria fowleri to result in death from the onset of symptoms?
How long does it usually take for the disease caused by Naegleria fowleri to result in death from the onset of symptoms?
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Which laboratory technique can be used to cultivate N. fowleri from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens?
Which laboratory technique can be used to cultivate N. fowleri from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens?
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