Microbiology Innate & Adaptive Immunity Quiz

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What technique involved inhaling dried crusts derived from smallpox pustules?

Variolation (correct)

Vaccination

Attenuation

Inoculation

Who reasoned that introducing fluid from a cowpox pustule might protect people from smallpox?

The milkmaids

The English physician

Edward Jenner (correct)

Louis Pasteur

Which component of immunity provides the first line of defense against infection?

Adaptive immunity

Pathogen immunity

Vaccine immunity

Innate immunity (correct)

Who demonstrated the possibility of weakening a pathogen and administering the weakened strain as a vaccine?

Louis Pasteur Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the immune system?

To protect animals from invading microorganisms and cancer Signup and view all the answers

How does the immune system respond once a foreign organism is recognized?

By recruiting cells and molecules to mount an appropriate response Signup and view all the answers

What is remarkable about the immune recognition process?

Its specificity in recognizing subtle chemical differences in foreign pathogens Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the immune system from the body’s own cells and proteins?

Ability to discriminate between foreign molecules and the body’s own cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of the respiratory burst during phagocytosis?

Increase in oxygen consumption Signup and view all the answers

Which receptor is responsible for binding a wide variety of polyanions on bacterial surfaces?

Scavenger receptors Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of binding infectious agents via Toll-like receptors?

Phagocytosis and release of inflammatory cytokines Signup and view all the answers

What happens during phagocytosis to the bacterium engulfed in a phagolysosome?

It is exposed to the contents of the granules or lysosomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the immune system?

Recognizing and eliminating foreign invaders Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the immune recognition process?

Its specificity Signup and view all the answers

What is the response of the immune system once a foreign organism has been recognized?

Recruitment of cells and molecules to mount an effectors' response Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of the respiratory burst during phagocytosis?

Release of reactive oxygen species to kill engulfed microorganisms Signup and view all the answers

What is the process referred to as oxygen-dependent intracellular killing?

Production of oxygen-containing compounds to kill bacteria Signup and view all the answers

Which cells can be identified by the presence of CD56 and CD16 and a lack of CD3 cell surface markers?

Natural Killer (NK) cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Lysozyme in oxygen-independent intracellular killing?

Breakdown of bacterial cell walls Signup and view all the answers

Why are patients with defects in oxygen-dependent killing pathways more susceptible to serious infections?

Since oxygen-dependent mechanisms are much more efficient in killing Signup and view all the answers

What is the process through which phagocytes cross the endothelial barrier?

Diapedesis Signup and view all the answers

Which molecules bind to components on the surface of phagocytic cells near the site of infection?

ICAM-1 and selectins Signup and view all the answers

What stimulates endothelial cells near the site of infection to express cell adhesion molecules?

Vasodilators Signup and view all the answers

Which receptors on phagocytic cells bind to the 3rd component of complement, C3b?

Complement receptors Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of the respiratory burst during phagocytosis?

Increase in glucose and oxygen consumption Signup and view all the answers

Which receptors bind a wide variety of polyanions on bacterial surfaces, resulting in phagocytosis of bacteria?

Scavenger receptors Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the bacterium during phagocytosis, after the pseudopods eventually surround and engulf it?

It is enclosed in a phagolysosome Signup and view all the answers

Which receptors recognize broad molecular patterns called PAMPs (pathogen associated molecular patterns) on infectious agents?

Toll-like receptors Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells selectively kill virus-infected and malignant cells while sparing normal cells?

NK cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Fc receptors on killer cells like NK and LAK cells?

Recognize, bind, and kill target cells coated with antibody Signup and view all the answers

What mediates antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) in killer (K) cells?

Fc receptors for antibody on killer cells Signup and view all the answers

What happens to NK cells upon exposure to IL-2 and IFN-gamma?

They become LAK cells, capable of killing malignant cells Signup and view all the answers

How do NK and LAK cells distinguish a normal cell from a virus-infected or malignant cell?

By the expression of class I MHC molecules Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of the KIR binding to its ligand on a target cell?

It inhibits killing by NK or LAK cells Signup and view all the answers

Why are virus-infected and malignant cells more susceptible to killing by NK and LAK cells?

They downregulate expression of class I MHC molecules Signup and view all the answers

Which type of parasite would be unable to live or develop further in a human host?

Aberrant parasite Signup and view all the answers

What type of host harbors the adult parasite, where the parasite replicates sexually?

Definitive host Signup and view all the answers

Which type of host can harbor a pathogen indefinitely with no ill effects?

Reservoir host Signup and view all the answers

What do we call the nonparasitic stages of existence of a parasite which live independently of a host?

Free-living Signup and view all the answers

What is a compromised host?

A host with impaired defense mechanisms, for example, a person with AIDS Signup and view all the answers

What is commensalism?

An association where only the parasite benefits without detectable damage to the host Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Genus' refer to in the context of animal parasite classification?

A group of closely related species Signup and view all the answers

What is a vector?

An agent, usually an insect that transmits infection from one human host to another Signup and view all the answers

What are the initial symptoms of the disease caused by Naegleria fowleri?

Frontal headache and fever Signup and view all the answers

What may happen if the olfactory lobes are involved in the disease caused by Naegleria fowleri?

Disturbances in smell or taste Signup and view all the answers

How long does it usually take for the disease caused by Naegleria fowleri to result in death from the onset of symptoms?

72 hours Signup and view all the answers

Which laboratory technique can be used to cultivate N. fowleri from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens?

Simple wet-mount preparation Signup and view all the answers

Microbiology Innate &amp; Adaptive Immunity Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What technique involved inhaling dried crusts derived from smallpox pustules?

Who reasoned that introducing fluid from a cowpox pustule might protect people from smallpox?

Which component of immunity provides the first line of defense against infection?

Who demonstrated the possibility of weakening a pathogen and administering the weakened strain as a vaccine?

What is the primary function of the immune system?

How does the immune system respond once a foreign organism is recognized?

What is remarkable about the immune recognition process?

What distinguishes the immune system from the body’s own cells and proteins?

What is the consequence of the respiratory burst during phagocytosis?

Which receptor is responsible for binding a wide variety of polyanions on bacterial surfaces?

What is the result of binding infectious agents via Toll-like receptors?

What happens during phagocytosis to the bacterium engulfed in a phagolysosome?

What is the main function of the immune system?

What distinguishes the immune recognition process?

What is the response of the immune system once a foreign organism has been recognized?

What is the consequence of the respiratory burst during phagocytosis?

What is the process referred to as oxygen-dependent intracellular killing?

Which cells can be identified by the presence of CD56 and CD16 and a lack of CD3 cell surface markers?

What is the primary function of Lysozyme in oxygen-independent intracellular killing?

Why are patients with defects in oxygen-dependent killing pathways more susceptible to serious infections?

What is the process through which phagocytes cross the endothelial barrier?

Which molecules bind to components on the surface of phagocytic cells near the site of infection?

What stimulates endothelial cells near the site of infection to express cell adhesion molecules?

Which receptors on phagocytic cells bind to the 3rd component of complement, C3b?

What is the consequence of the respiratory burst during phagocytosis?

Which receptors bind a wide variety of polyanions on bacterial surfaces, resulting in phagocytosis of bacteria?

What happens to the bacterium during phagocytosis, after the pseudopods eventually surround and engulf it?

Which receptors recognize broad molecular patterns called PAMPs (pathogen associated molecular patterns) on infectious agents?

Which type of cells selectively kill virus-infected and malignant cells while sparing normal cells?

What is the role of Fc receptors on killer cells like NK and LAK cells?

What mediates antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) in killer (K) cells?

What happens to NK cells upon exposure to IL-2 and IFN-gamma?

How do NK and LAK cells distinguish a normal cell from a virus-infected or malignant cell?

What is the consequence of the KIR binding to its ligand on a target cell?

Why are virus-infected and malignant cells more susceptible to killing by NK and LAK cells?

Which type of parasite would be unable to live or develop further in a human host?

What type of host harbors the adult parasite, where the parasite replicates sexually?

Which type of host can harbor a pathogen indefinitely with no ill effects?

What do we call the nonparasitic stages of existence of a parasite which live independently of a host?

What is a compromised host?

What is commensalism?

What does the term 'Genus' refer to in the context of animal parasite classification?

What is a vector?

What are the initial symptoms of the disease caused by Naegleria fowleri?

What may happen if the olfactory lobes are involved in the disease caused by Naegleria fowleri?

How long does it usually take for the disease caused by Naegleria fowleri to result in death from the onset of symptoms?

Which laboratory technique can be used to cultivate N. fowleri from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens?

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