Medical Microbiology Lesson 17: Innate and Acquired Immunity
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Questions and Answers

Which type of immunity is characterized by non-specific protection and does not require prior exposure to a pathogen?

  • Cell-mediated immunity
  • Innate immunity (correct)
  • Passive immunity
  • Acquired immunity

    • Which of the following is not a non-specific protective factor of the organism?

  • Skin and mucous membranes
  • Phagocytes
  • Normal microflora
  • Antibodies (correct)

    • What is the process by which phagocytes engulf and digest foreign particles such as bacteria?

  • Apoptosis
  • Endocytosis
  • Phagocytosis (correct)
  • Opsonization

    • Which factor enhances the ability of phagocytes to recognize and engulf pathogens?

    <p>Opsonization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism of killing microorganisms in phagocytes is oxygen-dependent?

    <p>Respiratory burst</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which phagocytes present antigens to T cells to initiate an immune response?

    <p>Antigen processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immunity is insensitive to antigens and is passed on to the next generation?

    <p>Innate immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of immunity is formed after exposure to microorganisms or other antigens and is not transmitted from generation to generation?

    <p>Acquired immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of acquired immunity is natural rather than artificial?

    <p>Active immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of immunity is not transmitted from generation to generation and can be either natural or artificial?

    <p>Acquired immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immunity is characterized by the complete elimination of pathogens from the body?

    <p>Sterile immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of immunity does the activity of specific defense factors depend on the type of antigens that enter the body?

    <p>Specific immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the outer barriers of the organism for non-specific defense factors?

    <p>Skin and mucous membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of non-specialized defense factors in the immune system?

    <p>To activate other immune factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do specialized defense factors primarily function as in the immune system?

    <p>To defend the organism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical composition of antibiotics?

    <p>Proteins and nucleic acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of resistance to antibiotics in microorganisms?

    <p>Reduced antibiotic target binding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect spectrum of broad-spectrum antibiotics?

    <p>Effective against a wide range of microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria determined by the dilution method?

    <p>By analyzing the growth in varying concentrations of antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the sources of antibiotics?

    <p>Bacteria, animals, and plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immunity is characterized by non-specific protection and does not require prior exposure to a pathogen?

    <p>Innate immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of chemical therapeutic drugs in the treatment of infectious diseases?

    <p>Acting on etiological pathogens without impacting body tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is credited as the founder of chemotherapy and proposed the 'magic bullet' idea?

    <p>Paul Ehrlich</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main principle behind P. Ehrlich's 'magic bullet' idea in chemical therapy?

    <p>Killing microbes without impacting body tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical therapeutic index used for in the evaluation of therapeutic drugs?

    <p>To assess the ratio of minimal therapeutic dose killing pathogen to the highest dose which organism can resist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes narrow spectrum drugs from broad spectrum drugs based on their activity spectrum?

    <p>Narrow spectrum drugs act on a limited number of species, while broad spectrum drugs act on both gram negative and gram positive bacteria species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between microbocide and microbostatic drugs based on their action type?

    <p>Microbocide drugs kill bacteria, while microbostatic drugs inhibit microbial growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are antimicrobial drugs classified based on their source?

    <p>Based on their method of obtaining (synthetic or natural origin)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which main groups of chemotherapeutic drugs are obtained by chemical synthesis?

    <p>'Synthetic' chemotherapeutic drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the activity spectrum of therapeutic drugs?

    <p>The groups of microorganisms on which they have effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does chemical therapy aim to treat?

    <p>Pathogens causing infectious diseases without impact on body tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

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