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Questions and Answers
What is the definition of dental plaque?
What is the definition of dental plaque?
Dental plaque is a complex microbial population that comprises salivary polymers, water, bacteria, present in teeth surface.
What is the main component of plaque mass?
What is the main component of plaque mass?
Water
What is the main reason why orthodontists need to manage oral hygiene in their patients?
What is the main reason why orthodontists need to manage oral hygiene in their patients?
Patients with orthodontic appliances have an increased amount of plaque due to the presence of appliances, leading to a higher risk of periodontal disease.
Which of these are types of plaque?
Which of these are types of plaque?
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What are the two main types of bacteria found in supragingival plaque?
What are the two main types of bacteria found in supragingival plaque?
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What are the three main stages of plaque formation?
What are the three main stages of plaque formation?
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What is the main agent responsible for occlusal caries?
What is the main agent responsible for occlusal caries?
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The DMFT index measures the number of decayed, missing, or filled teeth in a person's mouth.
The DMFT index measures the number of decayed, missing, or filled teeth in a person's mouth.
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CAMBRA is a tool used to help dentists evaluate a patient's risk of developing caries.
CAMBRA is a tool used to help dentists evaluate a patient's risk of developing caries.
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What are three factors that increase the incidence of caries?
What are three factors that increase the incidence of caries?
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Chlorhexidine mouthwash can be used long-term to prevent bacteria from adhering to the enamel surface.
Chlorhexidine mouthwash can be used long-term to prevent bacteria from adhering to the enamel surface.
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Fluoride products minimize the risk of caries.
Fluoride products minimize the risk of caries.
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What are the two main components of MI paste?
What are the two main components of MI paste?
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What are the three main types of caries?
What are the three main types of caries?
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What are the three key components of the caries triade?
What are the three key components of the caries triade?
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The aim of the study in the text is to confirm the relationship between orthodontic treatment and an increase in caries.
The aim of the study in the text is to confirm the relationship between orthodontic treatment and an increase in caries.
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Younger patients demonstrate less oral hygiene care than adults.
Younger patients demonstrate less oral hygiene care than adults.
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Orthodontic treatment is associated with a decrease in the development of dental caries.
Orthodontic treatment is associated with a decrease in the development of dental caries.
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The study's findings about the relationship between orthodontic treatment and caries development are accurate for all age groups.
The study's findings about the relationship between orthodontic treatment and caries development are accurate for all age groups.
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Which of the following is NOT a type of medical disorder that may be found among orthodontic patients?
Which of the following is NOT a type of medical disorder that may be found among orthodontic patients?
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Which of the following procedures is considered HIGH RISK for infective endocarditis?
Which of the following procedures is considered HIGH RISK for infective endocarditis?
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Pre-medication is only recommended for patients at high risk for developing infective endocarditis.
Pre-medication is only recommended for patients at high risk for developing infective endocarditis.
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What are two examples of antibiotics commonly used as pre-medication for infective endocarditis?
What are two examples of antibiotics commonly used as pre-medication for infective endocarditis?
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Steel ties are preferred over O-ties for orthodontic treatment.
Steel ties are preferred over O-ties for orthodontic treatment.
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What are two examples of fixed appliances that should be avoided in patients with a history of bleeding disorders?
What are two examples of fixed appliances that should be avoided in patients with a history of bleeding disorders?
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What is the main characteristic of thalassemia?
What is the main characteristic of thalassemia?
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What is a common facial characteristic associated with thalassemia?
What is a common facial characteristic associated with thalassemia?
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Leukemia is a more prevalent disease in children than adults.
Leukemia is a more prevalent disease in children than adults.
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Orthodontic treatment is generally contraindicated for patients with leukemia.
Orthodontic treatment is generally contraindicated for patients with leukemia.
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Patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis typically have limited mandibular movement.
Patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis typically have limited mandibular movement.
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Orthodontic treatment is contraindicated for patients with cystic fibrosis.
Orthodontic treatment is contraindicated for patients with cystic fibrosis.
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Patients with renal failure generally have delayed tooth eruption.
Patients with renal failure generally have delayed tooth eruption.
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Orthodontic treatment is contraindicated for patients with hypothyroidism.
Orthodontic treatment is contraindicated for patients with hypothyroidism.
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Patients with asthma should avoid taking NSAIDs.
Patients with asthma should avoid taking NSAIDs.
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Patients with HIV are more susceptible to infections.
Patients with HIV are more susceptible to infections.
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Long-term use of antiretroviral medication can lead to bone loss.
Long-term use of antiretroviral medication can lead to bone loss.
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Orthodontic treatment is contraindicated for patients who have received organ transplants.
Orthodontic treatment is contraindicated for patients who have received organ transplants.
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Orthodontic treatment is contraindicated for patients with seizure disorders.
Orthodontic treatment is contraindicated for patients with seizure disorders.
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Orthodontic treatment is contraindicated for patients with autism.
Orthodontic treatment is contraindicated for patients with autism.
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Patients with schizophrenia are more likely to have a class II malocclusion.
Patients with schizophrenia are more likely to have a class II malocclusion.
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Orthodontic treatment is generally contraindicated for patients with ADHD.
Orthodontic treatment is generally contraindicated for patients with ADHD.
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Patients with diabetes mellitus have an increased risk of developing periodontal disease.
Patients with diabetes mellitus have an increased risk of developing periodontal disease.
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Orthodontic treatment is contraindicated for patients with hypophosphatasia.
Orthodontic treatment is contraindicated for patients with hypophosphatasia.
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Orthodontic treatment can exacerbate periodontal disease.
Orthodontic treatment can exacerbate periodontal disease.
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It is generally safe to extract teeth for patients who are taking bisphosphonate medications.
It is generally safe to extract teeth for patients who are taking bisphosphonate medications.
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Orthodontic treatment can cause a decrease in tooth movement for patients who are taking bisphosphonates.
Orthodontic treatment can cause a decrease in tooth movement for patients who are taking bisphosphonates.
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Orthodontic treatment can cause an increase in root resorption for patients who are taking bisphosphonates.
Orthodontic treatment can cause an increase in root resorption for patients who are taking bisphosphonates.
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Orthodontic treatment can cause an increase in root resorption for patients with asthma.
Orthodontic treatment can cause an increase in root resorption for patients with asthma.
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Orthodontic treatment can cause tooth eruption to occur at a faster rate for patients with diabetes mellitus.
Orthodontic treatment can cause tooth eruption to occur at a faster rate for patients with diabetes mellitus.
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Orthodontic treatment can cause enamel erosion and periodontal issues for patients with eating disorders.
Orthodontic treatment can cause enamel erosion and periodontal issues for patients with eating disorders.
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Orthodontic treatment can worsen preexisting conditions for patients with eating disorders.
Orthodontic treatment can worsen preexisting conditions for patients with eating disorders.
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It is generally safe to extract teeth for patients with hypophosphatasia.
It is generally safe to extract teeth for patients with hypophosphatasia.
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Orthodontics can play an important role in preparing patients for future restorative work.
Orthodontics can play an important role in preparing patients for future restorative work.
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What is the average amount of intrusion achieved for mandibular incisors?
What is the average amount of intrusion achieved for mandibular incisors?
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Intrusion of anterior teeth is always the preferred approach when treating a gummy smile.
Intrusion of anterior teeth is always the preferred approach when treating a gummy smile.
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Intrusion of anterior teeth can be achieved using a Ricketts Utility Arch or a Burstone Intrusion Arch.
Intrusion of anterior teeth can be achieved using a Ricketts Utility Arch or a Burstone Intrusion Arch.
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Intrusion of anterior teeth typically results in less root resorption than extrusion
Intrusion of anterior teeth typically results in less root resorption than extrusion
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The orthodontic-restorative interdisciplinary relationship is enhanced by virtual smile design tools.
The orthodontic-restorative interdisciplinary relationship is enhanced by virtual smile design tools.
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Perioplastic surgeries are only used to correct esthetic issues.
Perioplastic surgeries are only used to correct esthetic issues.
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What are some of the objectives of perioplastic surgeries?
What are some of the objectives of perioplastic surgeries?
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A free gingival autograft is harvested from the palate.
A free gingival autograft is harvested from the palate.
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A connective tissue graft is harvested from the palate.
A connective tissue graft is harvested from the palate.
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A free gingival autograft is a full-thickness graft.
A free gingival autograft is a full-thickness graft.
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A free gingival autograft will shrink over time.
A free gingival autograft will shrink over time.
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Spring aligners are often used in combination with power arms.
Spring aligners are often used in combination with power arms.
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Black triangles are more common in the maxillary arch of females.
Black triangles are more common in the maxillary arch of females.
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Black triangles are more common in patients with a thin periodontium.
Black triangles are more common in patients with a thin periodontium.
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Black triangles can be caused by excessive crowding
Black triangles can be caused by excessive crowding
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The incidence of black triangles is more common in patients who are older.
The incidence of black triangles is more common in patients who are older.
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A high incidence of black triangles has been reported in patients who have undergone orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances.
A high incidence of black triangles has been reported in patients who have undergone orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances.
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Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is used for pain relief and bone regeneration acceleration.
Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is used for pain relief and bone regeneration acceleration.
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High-intensity laser therapy (HILT) is used for pain relief and bone regeneration acceleration.
High-intensity laser therapy (HILT) is used for pain relief and bone regeneration acceleration.
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The most prevalent tooth that is congenitally missing is the upper lateral incisor.
The most prevalent tooth that is congenitally missing is the upper lateral incisor.
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Microdontia is the opposite of macrodontia, with the tooth being larger than normal.
Microdontia is the opposite of macrodontia, with the tooth being larger than normal.
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When considering placing a canine substitute, the ideal incisor shape is narrow at the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) buccal-lingually and mesiodistally.
When considering placing a canine substitute, the ideal incisor shape is narrow at the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) buccal-lingually and mesiodistally.
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The ideal profile for a canine substitute is a balanced profile, with a straight line.
The ideal profile for a canine substitute is a balanced profile, with a straight line.
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Canine guidance is the most common type of occlusion seen in the population.
Canine guidance is the most common type of occlusion seen in the population.
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Canine guidance is inherently more stable than other types of occlusion.
Canine guidance is inherently more stable than other types of occlusion.
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Narrow-diameter implants (NDIs) are a more invasive approach that requires more bone volume than traditional implants.
Narrow-diameter implants (NDIs) are a more invasive approach that requires more bone volume than traditional implants.
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Orthodontic treatment is generally contraindicated for patients with congenital agenesis of maxillary lateral incisors.
Orthodontic treatment is generally contraindicated for patients with congenital agenesis of maxillary lateral incisors.
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A composite pontic is held in place using a TAD with a bracket-like head.
A composite pontic is held in place using a TAD with a bracket-like head.
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The Bolton analysis can be used to assess tooth size discrepancies in both the primary and permanent dentition.
The Bolton analysis can be used to assess tooth size discrepancies in both the primary and permanent dentition.
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If the Bolton anterior ratio is less than 77.2%, it indicates maxillary anterior excess.
If the Bolton anterior ratio is less than 77.2%, it indicates maxillary anterior excess.
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In a gummy smile, the incisor display is generally more than 2mm.
In a gummy smile, the incisor display is generally more than 2mm.
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The ideal width of upper central incisors is 62% of their height.
The ideal width of upper central incisors is 62% of their height.
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Study Notes
Microbial Risk Factors During Orthodontic Treatment
- Microbial populations in the oral cavity are complex, including bacteria, salivary polymers, water, and polysaccharides.
- 80-90% of plaque volume is water, 70% of dry weight is bacteria.
- Plaque builds up and hardens into calcified deposits over time.
- Orthodontic appliances can increase plaque buildup, therefore oral hygiene management is vital during treatment.
- Types of plaque (supragingival, subgingival, occlusal, enamel plaque) vary depending on oxygen levels, with subgingival plaque being more anaerobic and supragingival being richer in aerobic bacteria.
Dental Plaque Formation
- Plaque formation involves colonization/plaque maturation.
- The initial stages consist of initial adhesion followed by transport to the surface and establishment of strong attachments.
- The evolution of the plaque, if not removed, may lead to calcification.
- Various types of bacteria are related to different plaque types, such as occlusal, interproximal, and root caries.
Clinical Evaluation of Periodontal Status
- Measurements of gingival and plaque indices were taken at various time points during orthodontic treatment to evaluate periodontal health.
- The goal is to avoid harmful effects of orthodontic treatment on oral health.
- Relationship between periodontal disease and orthodontic treatment.
The Impact of Patients With Pre-existing Conditions
- Patients with various pre-existing conditions, such as gender, age, previous orthodontic history etc., are assessed for risks associated with orthodontic treatment.
- Patients with pre-existing conditions need careful assessment and management.
- Specific guidelines and recommendations are needed to maintain appropriate oral health in such conditions.
Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions
- Classification of periodontal and peri-implant diseases are explained.
- Severity, complexity, and extent/distribution are important criteria for classifying the disease.
- Parameters such as CAL and RBL are used for assessing severity.
- Different stages of the disease show different complexity, therefore management will vary accordingly.
- The stage and complexity of the disease impacts the extent and distribution of the disease in the oral cavity.
- Specific description of each stage is included for clarity.
- The grading of the disease is associated with progression rate, response to therapy, and systemic health.
Periodontal Treatments
- Periodontal therapies such as SRP, gingival therapy, and other regular cleanings are needed to maintain good oral health during orthodontic treatment.
- Patients are monitored and reevaluated to assess the progression of the disease.
- Important to refer patients to appropriate specialists for care.
- Specific strategies for caries treatment and maintenance are recommended.
Caries
- Caries formation involves the dissolution of hydroxyapatite by acids produced from bacterial metabolism, particularly of carbohydrates like sucrose.
- The formation of caries is impacted by the initial presence of enamel defects, and lack of topical fluoride, but also with poor oral hygiene.
- Specific food and drink types are identified for their potential risk of caries development during or after orthodontic treatment
Relationship Between Orthodontics and Caries
- Orthodontic treatments may be associated with an increase in caries.
- Immature enamel and less oral hygiene in younger patients may increase risks.
- Relationship between caries and orthodontic treatment should be considered for patients with high caries risk.
- Use CAMBRA risk assessment tools to help evaluate patient risks.
Other Factors Affecting Oral Health During Orthodontic Treatment
- Patients with certain medical conditions may have increased or decreased risk of developing periodontal disease.
- Various factors such as poor oral hygiene, smoking, and diet may influence dental caries development and management.
- Proper oral hygiene and diet are important for overall oral health maintenance during orthodontic treatment.
- Monitoring and adherence to professional recommendations is essential.
- Management strategies are included for various conditions like diabetes, asthma, HIV, bleeding disorders, and more.
- Maintaining adequate oral hygiene is important for preventing diseases.
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Description
This quiz explores the complex microbial populations present in the oral cavity during orthodontic treatment. It covers the types of dental plaque, its formation, and the implications of orthodontic appliances on oral hygiene management. Learn about the importance of maintaining oral hygiene to prevent plaque buildup and calcification.
