Microbial Control and BSLs Overview

<p>It produces toxins in anaerobic environments, such as improperly canned foods. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To reduce a population of $10^{12}$ <em>C. botulinum</em> endospores per can down to 1 endospore. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Safe use on living tissues (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endospores can survive the disinfection process. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Critical (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To reduce the number of microbes on living tissue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gastrointestinal endoscopes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduction of microbes to a safe level (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Handwashing with soap (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antiseptics aim to kill or inhibit microbes, while degerming agents primarily remove them. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inanimate objects that may harbor microbes and aid in disease transmission. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To sterilize materials using moist-heat under pressure. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The process that completely removes all vegetative cells, endospores, and viruses from an item. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent microbial contamination of sterile objects, locations, or tissues. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Asepsis refers to a sterile state while sepsis refers to a systemic inflammatory response to an infection. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A specified area that is free of all vegetative microbes, endospores, and viruses. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To destroy vegetative cells and endospores of common foodborne pathogens while preserving food quality. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Its acidity kills most microbes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bactericidal treatments kill bacteria directly, while bacteriostatic treatments only inhibit their growth. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>-static (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>-Static treatments are often less harmful to humans and can better preserve the treated item. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In an otherwise healthy individual, preventing the pathogen from multiplying so the immune system can clear the infection. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The size of the area being treated. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microbial death curve (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prevent disease transmission between patients. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent the growth of microbes on these surfaces. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because the rate of killing remains constant regardless of population size. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The time required to decrease the number of organisms by one order of magnitude (90%). (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0.1% of the original population remains. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microbial death is logarithmic, requiring more time to achieve the same percentage kill in a larger population. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organic debris limits contact between the disinfectant and the target cells, reducing effectiveness. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The size of the container the agent is in (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Higher disinfectant concentration is directly related to disinfectant effectiveness. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increase the cleaning time (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Air is pulled from clean areas to potentially contaminated areas. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are often fatal and easily transmitted by inhalation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decontaminating all material, changing clothing, and showering are necessary. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The air pressure inside the suit must be higher than that outside the suit. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It must be located in a separate building or isolated portion of a building. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To filter out particulate matter, including infectious agents, from the air supply and exhaust. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conduct all work within a biological safety cabinet with HEPA-filtered air. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Potential risk to laboratory personnel and the community. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A food sterilization protocol using heat to destroy pathogens while preserving quality.

A bacterium that produces toxins and can cause food poisoning.

Dormant, resistant forms of bacteria that can survive harsh conditions.

A more accurate term for commercial sterilization, as not all microbes are eliminated.

Foods are heated to 121°C for a minimum of 2.52 minutes to kill pathogens.

Substances used to clean nonliving surfaces by killing most microorganisms but not spores.

Antimicrobial chemicals safe for living tissues, effective against microorganisms.

The process of applying antiseptics to living tissues to reduce microbial presence.

Instruments needing to be sterile as they enter sterile body areas.

Items that contact mucous membranes but do not penetrate tissues; need high-level disinfection.

Items that only contact intact skin; require cleaning but not high disinfection.

The act of reducing microbial numbers on living tissue, often via scrubbing with soap.

Cleansing fomites to remove enough microbes for public health safety.

The ratio of microbes killed relative to the total population size, more informative than absolute numbers.

Graphs that show the logarithmic reduction of microorganisms over time, often using semilog plots.

The time required to kill 90% of a microbial population through a specific protocol.

The pattern where the rate of microbial death is proportional to the number of survivors, not the total.

The duration a disinfecting agent is in contact with microbes, affecting kill rates.

The initial number of microorganisms present that influences effectiveness of microbicidal protocols.

The amount of disinfecting agent used; higher concentrations kill microbes more effectively and quickly.

Factors like bodily fluids or debris that can hinder the effectiveness of disinfectants and lengthen treatment time.

Inanimate items that may harbor microbes and aid disease transmission.

Device for moist-heat sterilization using pressure to steam.

Protocol that completely removes all microbes from an item.

Strong chemicals that effectively kill all microbes on inanimate items.

Method designed to prevent microbial contamination of sterile objects.

Systemic inflammatory response to infection that may cause severe illness.

Area that is free of all vegetative microbes, endospores, and viruses.

Process that inactivates most microbes on fomite surfaces using chemicals or heat.

Contain the most dangerous pathogens requiring maximum precautions.

Clean air is pulled from clean to contaminated areas.

Highly dangerous microbes with no treatments or vaccines.

A suit worn in BSL-4 labs that supplies its own air.

Filters that trap particulates in biological safety cabinets.

Process of cleaning materials and equipment before leaving a lab.

Pressure in protective suits is higher than outside to prevent contamination.

Classification system for infectious agents based on risk level.

A chemical used to sanitize surfaces and prevent disease.

Suffix indicating methods that kill a specific microorganism.

A substance that kills bacteria.

A substance that kills or inactivates viruses.

A substance that kills fungi.

Suffix indicating methods that inhibit the growth of microorganisms.

A treatment that inhibits bacterial growth without killing them.

A graphical representation showing the effectiveness of microbial control over time.