MicBio(5-1)
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary difference between green plants and animals in terms of energy source?

  • Both green plants and animals use sunlight as their energy source.
  • Both green plants and animals require preformed organic molecules for energy.
  • Green plants require preformed organic molecules, while animals use sunlight as their energy source.
  • Green plants use sunlight as their energy source, while animals require preformed organic molecules. (correct)

    • How are plant and animal species generally differentiated from each other?

  • By their habitat preferences and reproductive strategies.
  • By their ability to utilize carbon-containing constituents.
  • By their nutritional needs and metabolic diversity.
  • Observable differences in size, shape, and component structures. (correct)

    • What is the primary basis for differentiating microorganisms from one another?

  • Their ability to utilize sunlight as an energy source.
  • Their nutrition and the processes of taking in and utilizing food for energy and building material. (correct)
  • Their habitat preferences and reproductive strategies.
  • Their size and structure.

    • What is the key characteristic that sets microorganisms apart from plants and animals?

    <p>Microorganisms are not markedly different from one another in size or structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the nutritional differences among microorganisms collectively referred to as?

    <p>Metabolic diversity in the microbial world</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what type of conditions are Bacteria and Archaea adapted to growth?

    <p>Wide-ranging physical conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of the evolutionary role that microbes have assumed?

    <p>The presence of diverse nutritional types</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can some chemically derived compounds be resistant to?

    <p>Microbial degradation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do most bacterial species utilize as growth substrates?

    <p>Simple monomeric substrates such as sugars or amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can populations of microbes obtain energy from, besides organic molecules?

    <p>Light and inorganic substrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on their source of carbon and energy, how many major groups can bacteria be divided into?

    <p>Four</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ratio of carbon/hydrogen/oxygen in a cell?

    <p>1-2-1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would an organism growing with $CO_2$ as a carbon source need to reduce $CO_2$ to $CH_2O$?

    <p>A source of H+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the capability of microbial populations to break down organic molecules into basic constituents?

    <p>Mineralization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do microorganisms live?

    <p>Almost every environmental niche on Earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the nutritional differences among microorganisms referred to as?

    <p>Metabolic diversity in the microbial world</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe an organism that will grow only in the presence of both light and $CO_2$?

    <p>Obligate photoautotroph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of microorganisms utilizes reduced inorganic substrates for both the reductive assimilation of $CO_2$ and as a source of energy?

    <p>Chemoautotroph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which microorganism assimilates organic substrates as a source of both carbon and energy?

    <p>Chemoheterotroph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of energy for aerobic chemoautotrophs?

    <p>$O_2$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe microorganisms that grow by photosynthesis if provided with an electron donor for reductive assimilation of $CO_2$?

    <p>Photoheterotroph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of energy for some of the anaerobic Archaea?

    <p>Inorganic sulfur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe an organism that uses light as its source of energy and $CO_2$ as its source of carbon?

    <p>Photoautotroph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe microorganisms that utilize light as an energy source while assimilating organic compounds from the environment as a growth substrate?

    <p>Photoheterotroph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe microorganisms that utilize inorganic terminal electron acceptors as an alternative to $O_2$?

    <p>Chemoautotroph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe microorganisms that assimilate organic substrates as a source of both carbon and energy?

    <p>Chemoheterotroph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe microorganisms that utilize light as their source of energy and $CO_2$ as their source of carbon?

    <p>Photoautotroph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of energy for obligate photoautotrophs?

    <p>Light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are plants and animals differentiated in terms of energy source?

    <p>Plants are photosynthetic, using sunlight and $CO_2$ as their energy source, while animals require preformed organic molecules for energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are microorganisms generally differentiated from one another?

    <p>By their nutrition, which is the sum of the processes whereby the organism takes in and utilizes food for energy and building material (carbon).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of energy for plants?

    <p>Sunlight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary basis for differentiating plant or animal species from one another?

    <p>Observable differences in size, shape, and component structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the nutritional differences among microorganisms collectively referred to as?

    <p>Metabolic diversity in the microbial world</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do microorganisms live?

    <p>Almost every environmental niche on Earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of energy for some of the anaerobic Archaea?

    <p>Inorganic substrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of the evolutionary role that microbes have assumed?

    <p>The presence of diverse nutritional types</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between green plants and animals in terms of energy source?

    <p>Plants utilize light for energy, while animals consume organic matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what type of conditions are Bacteria and Archaea adapted to growth?

    <p>Wide-ranging physical conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe microorganisms that assimilate organic substrates as a source of both carbon and energy?

    <p>Chemoorganotrophs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of energy for aerobic chemoautotrophs?

    <p>Inorganic compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the capability of microbial populations to break down organic molecules into basic constituents?

    <p>Mineralization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ratio of carbon/hydrogen/oxygen in a cell?

    <p>1-2-1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe an organism that will grow only in the presence of both light and $CO_2$?

    <p>Obligate photoautotroph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can populations of microbes obtain energy from, besides organic molecules?

    <p>Light and inorganic substrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe microorganisms that utilize light as their source of energy and $CO_2$ as their source of carbon?

    <p>Photoautotroph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of energy for aerobic chemoautotrophs?

    <p>Reduced inorganic substrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe microorganisms that grow by photosynthesis if provided with an electron donor for reductive assimilation of $CO_2$?

    <p>Photoheterotroph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the nutritional differences among microorganisms collectively referred to as?

    <p>Nutritional types</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between green plants and animals in terms of energy source?

    <p>Utilization of light as an energy source</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ratio of carbon/hydrogen/oxygen in a cell?

    <p>1:2:1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do most bacterial species utilize as growth substrates?

    <p>Organic substrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what type of conditions are Bacteria and Archaea adapted to growth?

    <p>Natural environmental conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the capability of microbial populations to break down organic molecules into basic constituents?

    <p>Decomposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of energy for obligate photoautotrophs?

    <p>Light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of energy for some of the anaerobic Archaea?

    <p>Reduced inorganic substrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would an organism growing with $CO_2$ as a carbon source need to reduce $CO_2$ to $CH_2O$?

    <p>An electron donor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Microbial Metabolic Diversity and Evolution

    • Microorganisms can utilize a variety of compounds as sources of food for growth, including carbon monoxide, methane, cyanide, acetic acid, or glucose.
    • The nutritional differences among microorganisms are collectively referred to as "metabolic diversity in the microbial world."
    • Microorganisms live in almost every environmental niche on Earth and can utilize naturally occurring organic compounds as sources of carbon and/or energy.
    • Some chemically derived compounds are resistant to microbial degradation and accumulate in the environment.
    • Bacteria and Archaea are adapted to growth under wide-ranging physical conditions, including pH, temperature, salinity, and availability of O2.
    • Most bacterial species utilize simple monomeric substrates such as sugars or amino acids as growth substrates, while others digest complex proteins and polysaccharides.
    • Microbial populations are capable of growth on an unending variety of substrates encountered in nature.
    • The presence of diverse nutritional types is a consequence of the evolutionary role that microbes have assumed.
    • Microbial populations have evolved with the ability to mineralize organic molecules to basic constituents.
    • Populations of microbes have also evolved that can obtain energy from light and from inorganic substrates.
    • Bacteria can be divided into four major groups based on their source of carbon and their source of energy.
    • The ratio of carbon/hydrogen/oxygen in a cell is 1-2-1, respectively, and an organism growing with CO2 as a carbon source would need a source of H+ to reduce CO2 to CH2O.

    Microbial Metabolic Diversity and Evolution

    • Microorganisms can utilize a variety of compounds as sources of food for growth, including carbon monoxide, methane, cyanide, acetic acid, or glucose.
    • The nutritional differences among microorganisms are collectively referred to as "metabolic diversity in the microbial world."
    • Microorganisms live in almost every environmental niche on Earth and can utilize naturally occurring organic compounds as sources of carbon and/or energy.
    • Some chemically derived compounds are resistant to microbial degradation and accumulate in the environment.
    • Bacteria and Archaea are adapted to growth under wide-ranging physical conditions, including pH, temperature, salinity, and availability of O2.
    • Most bacterial species utilize simple monomeric substrates such as sugars or amino acids as growth substrates, while others digest complex proteins and polysaccharides.
    • Microbial populations are capable of growth on an unending variety of substrates encountered in nature.
    • The presence of diverse nutritional types is a consequence of the evolutionary role that microbes have assumed.
    • Microbial populations have evolved with the ability to mineralize organic molecules to basic constituents.
    • Populations of microbes have also evolved that can obtain energy from light and from inorganic substrates.
    • Bacteria can be divided into four major groups based on their source of carbon and their source of energy.
    • The ratio of carbon/hydrogen/oxygen in a cell is 1-2-1, respectively, and an organism growing with CO2 as a carbon source would need a source of H+ to reduce CO2 to CH2O.

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    Related Documents

    Isolation, Nutrition, and Cultivation of Microorganisms PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge of microbial metabolic diversity and evolution with this quiz. Explore the wide range of compounds microorganisms can utilize for growth, their adaptation to diverse environmental conditions, and their evolutionary roles. From carbon monoxide to complex polysaccharides, discover the nutritional types and metabolic capabilities of microbial populations.

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