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Questions and Answers
What is the primary difference between green plants and animals in terms of energy source?
What is the primary difference between green plants and animals in terms of energy source?
- Both green plants and animals use sunlight as their energy source.
- Both green plants and animals require preformed organic molecules for energy.
- Green plants require preformed organic molecules, while animals use sunlight as their energy source.
- Green plants use sunlight as their energy source, while animals require preformed organic molecules. (correct)
How are plant and animal species generally differentiated from each other?
How are plant and animal species generally differentiated from each other?
- By their habitat preferences and reproductive strategies.
- By their ability to utilize carbon-containing constituents.
- By their nutritional needs and metabolic diversity.
- Observable differences in size, shape, and component structures. (correct)
What is the primary basis for differentiating microorganisms from one another?
What is the primary basis for differentiating microorganisms from one another?
- Their ability to utilize sunlight as an energy source.
- Their nutrition and the processes of taking in and utilizing food for energy and building material. (correct)
- Their habitat preferences and reproductive strategies.
- Their size and structure.
What is the key characteristic that sets microorganisms apart from plants and animals?
What is the key characteristic that sets microorganisms apart from plants and animals?
What are the nutritional differences among microorganisms collectively referred to as?
What are the nutritional differences among microorganisms collectively referred to as?
In what type of conditions are Bacteria and Archaea adapted to growth?
In what type of conditions are Bacteria and Archaea adapted to growth?
What is the consequence of the evolutionary role that microbes have assumed?
What is the consequence of the evolutionary role that microbes have assumed?
What can some chemically derived compounds be resistant to?
What can some chemically derived compounds be resistant to?
What do most bacterial species utilize as growth substrates?
What do most bacterial species utilize as growth substrates?
What can populations of microbes obtain energy from, besides organic molecules?
What can populations of microbes obtain energy from, besides organic molecules?
Based on their source of carbon and energy, how many major groups can bacteria be divided into?
Based on their source of carbon and energy, how many major groups can bacteria be divided into?
What is the ratio of carbon/hydrogen/oxygen in a cell?
What is the ratio of carbon/hydrogen/oxygen in a cell?
What would an organism growing with $CO_2$ as a carbon source need to reduce $CO_2$ to $CH_2O$?
What would an organism growing with $CO_2$ as a carbon source need to reduce $CO_2$ to $CH_2O$?
What is the term used to describe the capability of microbial populations to break down organic molecules into basic constituents?
What is the term used to describe the capability of microbial populations to break down organic molecules into basic constituents?
Where do microorganisms live?
Where do microorganisms live?
What are the nutritional differences among microorganisms referred to as?
What are the nutritional differences among microorganisms referred to as?
What is the term used to describe an organism that will grow only in the presence of both light and $CO_2$?
What is the term used to describe an organism that will grow only in the presence of both light and $CO_2$?
Which group of microorganisms utilizes reduced inorganic substrates for both the reductive assimilation of $CO_2$ and as a source of energy?
Which group of microorganisms utilizes reduced inorganic substrates for both the reductive assimilation of $CO_2$ and as a source of energy?
Which microorganism assimilates organic substrates as a source of both carbon and energy?
Which microorganism assimilates organic substrates as a source of both carbon and energy?
What is the primary source of energy for aerobic chemoautotrophs?
What is the primary source of energy for aerobic chemoautotrophs?
What is the term used to describe microorganisms that grow by photosynthesis if provided with an electron donor for reductive assimilation of $CO_2$?
What is the term used to describe microorganisms that grow by photosynthesis if provided with an electron donor for reductive assimilation of $CO_2$?
What is the primary source of energy for some of the anaerobic Archaea?
What is the primary source of energy for some of the anaerobic Archaea?
What is the term used to describe an organism that uses light as its source of energy and $CO_2$ as its source of carbon?
What is the term used to describe an organism that uses light as its source of energy and $CO_2$ as its source of carbon?
What is the term used to describe microorganisms that utilize light as an energy source while assimilating organic compounds from the environment as a growth substrate?
What is the term used to describe microorganisms that utilize light as an energy source while assimilating organic compounds from the environment as a growth substrate?
What is the term used to describe microorganisms that utilize inorganic terminal electron acceptors as an alternative to $O_2$?
What is the term used to describe microorganisms that utilize inorganic terminal electron acceptors as an alternative to $O_2$?
What is the term used to describe microorganisms that assimilate organic substrates as a source of both carbon and energy?
What is the term used to describe microorganisms that assimilate organic substrates as a source of both carbon and energy?
What is the term used to describe microorganisms that utilize light as their source of energy and $CO_2$ as their source of carbon?
What is the term used to describe microorganisms that utilize light as their source of energy and $CO_2$ as their source of carbon?
What is the primary source of energy for obligate photoautotrophs?
What is the primary source of energy for obligate photoautotrophs?
How are plants and animals differentiated in terms of energy source?
How are plants and animals differentiated in terms of energy source?
How are microorganisms generally differentiated from one another?
How are microorganisms generally differentiated from one another?
What is the primary source of energy for plants?
What is the primary source of energy for plants?
What is the primary basis for differentiating plant or animal species from one another?
What is the primary basis for differentiating plant or animal species from one another?
What are the nutritional differences among microorganisms collectively referred to as?
What are the nutritional differences among microorganisms collectively referred to as?
Where do microorganisms live?
Where do microorganisms live?
What is the primary source of energy for some of the anaerobic Archaea?
What is the primary source of energy for some of the anaerobic Archaea?
What is the consequence of the evolutionary role that microbes have assumed?
What is the consequence of the evolutionary role that microbes have assumed?
What is the primary difference between green plants and animals in terms of energy source?
What is the primary difference between green plants and animals in terms of energy source?
In what type of conditions are Bacteria and Archaea adapted to growth?
In what type of conditions are Bacteria and Archaea adapted to growth?
What is the term used to describe microorganisms that assimilate organic substrates as a source of both carbon and energy?
What is the term used to describe microorganisms that assimilate organic substrates as a source of both carbon and energy?
What is the primary source of energy for aerobic chemoautotrophs?
What is the primary source of energy for aerobic chemoautotrophs?
What is the term used to describe the capability of microbial populations to break down organic molecules into basic constituents?
What is the term used to describe the capability of microbial populations to break down organic molecules into basic constituents?
What is the ratio of carbon/hydrogen/oxygen in a cell?
What is the ratio of carbon/hydrogen/oxygen in a cell?
What is the term used to describe an organism that will grow only in the presence of both light and $CO_2$?
What is the term used to describe an organism that will grow only in the presence of both light and $CO_2$?
What can populations of microbes obtain energy from, besides organic molecules?
What can populations of microbes obtain energy from, besides organic molecules?
What is the term used to describe microorganisms that utilize light as their source of energy and $CO_2$ as their source of carbon?
What is the term used to describe microorganisms that utilize light as their source of energy and $CO_2$ as their source of carbon?
What is the primary source of energy for aerobic chemoautotrophs?
What is the primary source of energy for aerobic chemoautotrophs?
What is the term used to describe microorganisms that grow by photosynthesis if provided with an electron donor for reductive assimilation of $CO_2$?
What is the term used to describe microorganisms that grow by photosynthesis if provided with an electron donor for reductive assimilation of $CO_2$?
What are the nutritional differences among microorganisms collectively referred to as?
What are the nutritional differences among microorganisms collectively referred to as?
What is the primary difference between green plants and animals in terms of energy source?
What is the primary difference between green plants and animals in terms of energy source?
What is the ratio of carbon/hydrogen/oxygen in a cell?
What is the ratio of carbon/hydrogen/oxygen in a cell?
What do most bacterial species utilize as growth substrates?
What do most bacterial species utilize as growth substrates?
In what type of conditions are Bacteria and Archaea adapted to growth?
In what type of conditions are Bacteria and Archaea adapted to growth?
What is the term used to describe the capability of microbial populations to break down organic molecules into basic constituents?
What is the term used to describe the capability of microbial populations to break down organic molecules into basic constituents?
What is the primary source of energy for obligate photoautotrophs?
What is the primary source of energy for obligate photoautotrophs?
What is the primary source of energy for some of the anaerobic Archaea?
What is the primary source of energy for some of the anaerobic Archaea?
What would an organism growing with $CO_2$ as a carbon source need to reduce $CO_2$ to $CH_2O$?
What would an organism growing with $CO_2$ as a carbon source need to reduce $CO_2$ to $CH_2O$?
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Study Notes
Microbial Metabolic Diversity and Evolution
- Microorganisms can utilize a variety of compounds as sources of food for growth, including carbon monoxide, methane, cyanide, acetic acid, or glucose.
- The nutritional differences among microorganisms are collectively referred to as "metabolic diversity in the microbial world."
- Microorganisms live in almost every environmental niche on Earth and can utilize naturally occurring organic compounds as sources of carbon and/or energy.
- Some chemically derived compounds are resistant to microbial degradation and accumulate in the environment.
- Bacteria and Archaea are adapted to growth under wide-ranging physical conditions, including pH, temperature, salinity, and availability of O2.
- Most bacterial species utilize simple monomeric substrates such as sugars or amino acids as growth substrates, while others digest complex proteins and polysaccharides.
- Microbial populations are capable of growth on an unending variety of substrates encountered in nature.
- The presence of diverse nutritional types is a consequence of the evolutionary role that microbes have assumed.
- Microbial populations have evolved with the ability to mineralize organic molecules to basic constituents.
- Populations of microbes have also evolved that can obtain energy from light and from inorganic substrates.
- Bacteria can be divided into four major groups based on their source of carbon and their source of energy.
- The ratio of carbon/hydrogen/oxygen in a cell is 1-2-1, respectively, and an organism growing with CO2 as a carbon source would need a source of H+ to reduce CO2 to CH2O.
Microbial Metabolic Diversity and Evolution
- Microorganisms can utilize a variety of compounds as sources of food for growth, including carbon monoxide, methane, cyanide, acetic acid, or glucose.
- The nutritional differences among microorganisms are collectively referred to as "metabolic diversity in the microbial world."
- Microorganisms live in almost every environmental niche on Earth and can utilize naturally occurring organic compounds as sources of carbon and/or energy.
- Some chemically derived compounds are resistant to microbial degradation and accumulate in the environment.
- Bacteria and Archaea are adapted to growth under wide-ranging physical conditions, including pH, temperature, salinity, and availability of O2.
- Most bacterial species utilize simple monomeric substrates such as sugars or amino acids as growth substrates, while others digest complex proteins and polysaccharides.
- Microbial populations are capable of growth on an unending variety of substrates encountered in nature.
- The presence of diverse nutritional types is a consequence of the evolutionary role that microbes have assumed.
- Microbial populations have evolved with the ability to mineralize organic molecules to basic constituents.
- Populations of microbes have also evolved that can obtain energy from light and from inorganic substrates.
- Bacteria can be divided into four major groups based on their source of carbon and their source of energy.
- The ratio of carbon/hydrogen/oxygen in a cell is 1-2-1, respectively, and an organism growing with CO2 as a carbon source would need a source of H+ to reduce CO2 to CH2O.
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