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Questions and Answers
Which growth factor is a precursor of folic acid, a coenzyme involved in one carbon unit transfer?
Which growth factor is a precursor of folic acid, a coenzyme involved in one carbon unit transfer?
- p-Aminobenzoic acid (correct)
- Nicotinic acid
- Pyridoxine
- Riboflavin
Which growth factor is a component of the coenzyme for transaminase and amino acid decarboxylase?
Which growth factor is a component of the coenzyme for transaminase and amino acid decarboxylase?
- Vitamin B12
- Biotin
- Thiamin
- Pantothenic acid (correct)
Which growth factor is a functional part of coenzyme A and the acyl carrier proteins?
Which growth factor is a functional part of coenzyme A and the acyl carrier proteins?
- Riboflavin
- Coenzyme M (correct)
- Nicotinic acid
- Folic acid
What is an obligate chemoautotroph?
What is an obligate chemoautotroph?
What are the major components of bacterial or archaeal cell mass?
What are the major components of bacterial or archaeal cell mass?
What is the term used to describe an organism that can grow aerobically if O2 is available or anaerobically in the absence of O2?
What is the term used to describe an organism that can grow aerobically if O2 is available or anaerobically in the absence of O2?
What can an obligate autotroph assimilate while growing with CO2 as bulk carbon source and light or inorganics as energy source?
What can an obligate autotroph assimilate while growing with CO2 as bulk carbon source and light or inorganics as energy source?
What is the role of inorganic phosphates in bacterial growth?
What is the role of inorganic phosphates in bacterial growth?
What is the role of sulfur in bacterial cellular constituents?
What is the role of sulfur in bacterial cellular constituents?
How do strictly anaerobic bacteria and archaea obtain oxygen?
How do strictly anaerobic bacteria and archaea obtain oxygen?
What is the function of iron in microorganisms?
What is the function of iron in microorganisms?
Which elements are known as trace elements in microbial nutrition?
Which elements are known as trace elements in microbial nutrition?
What must be available in the growth medium of some microorganisms because they cannot synthesize them?
What must be available in the growth medium of some microorganisms because they cannot synthesize them?
Which element is the most abundant in any living cell?
Which element is the most abundant in any living cell?
What role does hydrogen play in the life of Bacteria and Archaea?
What role does hydrogen play in the life of Bacteria and Archaea?
What is the primary role of nitrogen in cellular components?
What is the primary role of nitrogen in cellular components?
Which element is involved in various cellular processes, including respiration?
Which element is involved in various cellular processes, including respiration?
What can the carbon source for microbial growth range from?
What can the carbon source for microbial growth range from?
What is the primary role of sulfur in microbial growth?
What is the primary role of sulfur in microbial growth?
How do some microorganisms obtain cellular nitrogen?
How do some microorganisms obtain cellular nitrogen?
What stimulates the growth of most heterotrophic bacteria?
What stimulates the growth of most heterotrophic bacteria?
Which element has played a major role in the evolution of life systems on Earth?
Which element has played a major role in the evolution of life systems on Earth?
What is the backbone of functional biological molecules?
What is the backbone of functional biological molecules?
What are the primary growth medium requirements for microorganisms?
What are the primary growth medium requirements for microorganisms?
What are the varying synthetic capacities of microorganisms reflected in?
What are the varying synthetic capacities of microorganisms reflected in?
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Study Notes
Microbial Elemental Composition and Growth Medium Requirements
- A typical elemental composition of a bacterial or archaeal cell includes carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, and trace metals.
- Carbon is the most abundant element in any living cell and serves as the backbone of functional biological molecules.
- Microbial diversity reflects the ability of organisms to synthesize cellular components from available carbon sources, with marked differences existing among microbes in this capacity.
- Microorganisms have varying synthetic capacities and may require growth media with specific compounds to support their growth, such as mineral salts or complex organic compounds.
- The carbon source for microbial growth can range from CO or CH4 to naturally occurring complex organic compounds, and some microbes can grow with synthetic organic compounds as substrates.
- Hydrogen plays essential roles in the life of Bacteria and Archaea, serving as a structural atom in organic molecules and participating in energy generation processes.
- Nitrogen is integral to cellular components and some microorganisms can obtain cellular nitrogen by fixing N2 from the atmosphere, while others assimilate ammonia or reduce nitrate from their environment.
- Phosphorus is another essential element for microbial growth and is involved in various cellular processes, including respiration.
- Different types of respiration occur in Bacteria and Archaea, involving various substrates, such as oxygen, iron, nitrate, fumarate, sulfate, sulfur, and carbonate.
- Microorganisms can evolve to grow in environments with specific nutrient availability, such as lactic acid bacteria evolving in environments where organic nitrogen compounds were readily available.
- The growth of most heterotrophic bacteria is stimulated by adding rich nitrogenous material, such as yeast.
- Elements like carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus have played a major role in the evolution of life systems on Earth.
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