MicBio(5-2)

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Questions and Answers

Which growth factor is a precursor of folic acid, a coenzyme involved in one carbon unit transfer?

p-Aminobenzoic acid (correct)

Nicotinic acid

Pyridoxine

Riboflavin

Which growth factor is a component of the coenzyme for transaminase and amino acid decarboxylase?

Vitamin B12

Biotin

Thiamin

Pantothenic acid (correct)

Which growth factor is a functional part of coenzyme A and the acyl carrier proteins?

Riboflavin

Coenzyme M (correct)

Nicotinic acid

Folic acid

What is an obligate chemoautotroph?

An organism that grows only with CO2 and NH4+ or S2– as energy source (C) Signup and view all the answers

What are the major components of bacterial or archaeal cell mass?

Proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe an organism that can grow aerobically if O2 is available or anaerobically in the absence of O2?

Facultative (A) Signup and view all the answers

What can an obligate autotroph assimilate while growing with CO2 as bulk carbon source and light or inorganics as energy source?

A very limited amount of selected organic substrates (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of inorganic phosphates in bacterial growth?

Act as effective buffers at near neutral pH (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of sulfur in bacterial cellular constituents?

It is a constituent of amino acids and essential cellular components (D) Signup and view all the answers

How do strictly anaerobic bacteria and archaea obtain oxygen?

They obtain it in a combined form from the substrate (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of iron in microorganisms?

Constituent of electron transport chains and essential for aerobes (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which elements are known as trace elements in microbial nutrition?

Copper, zinc, molybdenum, nickel, and tungsten (D) Signup and view all the answers

What must be available in the growth medium of some microorganisms because they cannot synthesize them?

Amino acids, purines, pyrimidines, and B-vitamins (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which element is the most abundant in any living cell?

Carbon (D) Signup and view all the answers

What role does hydrogen play in the life of Bacteria and Archaea?

Structural atom in organic molecules (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of nitrogen in cellular components?

Structural support (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which element is involved in various cellular processes, including respiration?

Phosphorus (C) Signup and view all the answers

What can the carbon source for microbial growth range from?

CO2 or CH4 (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of sulfur in microbial growth?

Energy generation (A) Signup and view all the answers

How do some microorganisms obtain cellular nitrogen?

By fixing N2 from the atmosphere (A) Signup and view all the answers

What stimulates the growth of most heterotrophic bacteria?

Adding rich nitrogenous material (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which element has played a major role in the evolution of life systems on Earth?

Phosphorus (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the backbone of functional biological molecules?

Carbon (D) Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary growth medium requirements for microorganisms?

Complex organic compounds (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are the varying synthetic capacities of microorganisms reflected in?

Ability to synthesize cellular components from available carbon sources (C) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Microbial Elemental Composition and Growth Medium Requirements

A typical elemental composition of a bacterial or archaeal cell includes carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, and trace metals.
Carbon is the most abundant element in any living cell and serves as the backbone of functional biological molecules.
Microbial diversity reflects the ability of organisms to synthesize cellular components from available carbon sources, with marked differences existing among microbes in this capacity.
Microorganisms have varying synthetic capacities and may require growth media with specific compounds to support their growth, such as mineral salts or complex organic compounds.
The carbon source for microbial growth can range from CO or CH4 to naturally occurring complex organic compounds, and some microbes can grow with synthetic organic compounds as substrates.
Hydrogen plays essential roles in the life of Bacteria and Archaea, serving as a structural atom in organic molecules and participating in energy generation processes.
Nitrogen is integral to cellular components and some microorganisms can obtain cellular nitrogen by fixing N2 from the atmosphere, while others assimilate ammonia or reduce nitrate from their environment.
Phosphorus is another essential element for microbial growth and is involved in various cellular processes, including respiration.
Different types of respiration occur in Bacteria and Archaea, involving various substrates, such as oxygen, iron, nitrate, fumarate, sulfate, sulfur, and carbonate.
Microorganisms can evolve to grow in environments with specific nutrient availability, such as lactic acid bacteria evolving in environments where organic nitrogen compounds were readily available.
The growth of most heterotrophic bacteria is stimulated by adding rich nitrogenous material, such as yeast.
Elements like carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus have played a major role in the evolution of life systems on Earth.

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Description

Test your knowledge of microbial elemental composition and growth medium requirements with this quiz. Explore the essential elements and compounds needed for microbial growth, including carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and various substrates. Understand how different microorganisms synthesize cellular components and adapt to specific nutrient availability.