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MicBio(4-2)
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MicBio(4-2)

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Questions and Answers

What elements are revealed by the X-ray data for the fungal microcolony?

  • Iron and copper
  • Manganese and iron (correct)
  • Iron and zinc
  • Manganese and copper

    • What shapes do most single-celled prokaryotes come in?

  • Spherical (correct)
  • Cylindrical
  • Cubical
  • Pyramidal

    • What is the simplest shape for a single-celled prokaryote?

  • Cuboid
  • Sphere (correct)
  • Pyramid
  • Cylinder

    • What does the X-ray analysis of the surrounding rock reveal?

    <p>Iron and other elements, but no manganese</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of prokaryotic cell division processes mentioned in the text?

    <p>Binary transverse fission and budding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of cell division does the mother cell produce two daughter cells while maintaining symmetry throughout?

    <p>Binary transverse fission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of budding in prokaryotic cell division?

    <p>The mother cell produces one daughter cell while retaining its identity, with asymmetry in division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process undergone by Actinobacteria resulting in the simultaneous formation of numerous unicellular rods?

    <p>Fragmentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the smaller daughter cells produced by Cyanobacteria during cell division?

    <p>Baeocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which bacterium can bud formation be repeated as long as nutrients are available for growth?

    <p>Ancalomicrobium adetum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do scientists determine cell component composition?

    <p>By breaking open cells using chemical or physical procedures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method is used to separate and purify cell components for studying subcellular features?

    <p>Centrifugation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are the fine structure and ultrastructure of microbial cells observed?

    <p>Using electron microscopy procedures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does density gradient centrifugation use to separate cell fractions?

    <p>Different concentrations of a solute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be done with the separated and purified cell fraction?

    <p>Analyzed chemically to determine its composition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of prokaryotic genome?

    <p>To store hereditary information in genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure of prokaryotic DNA?

    <p>Circular and not in a confined area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are plasmids in prokaryotic cells?

    <p>Extrachromosomal circular DNA molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the molecular weight range of prokaryotic DNA?

    <p>$10^9$ to $10^{10}$ Da</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appearance of DNA in prokaryotic cells?

    <p>Appears as fibrous material in cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of plasmids in prokaryotic cells?

    <p>Do not carry essential genetic material, but may enhance survivability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is genetic material transferred between prokaryotes?

    <p>Through transformation, conjugation, and transduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appearance of released DNA from prokaryotic cells?

    <p>Coiled structure, tightly wound in supercoils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of ribosomes in prokaryotic cells?

    <p>Carry out protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hereditary material in prokaryotic cells?

    <p>DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure used for material identity and purity checks in prokaryotic cells?

    <p>Electron microscope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are ribosomes commonly found in prokaryotes?

    <p>In many different Bacteria and Archaea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mass of the prokaryotic 70S ribosome?

    <p>2.52 × 10$^{6}$ Da</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of the shell of gas vesicles?

    <p>Predominant protein with repeating subunits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotics disrupt ribosome activity in bacteria but have no adverse effects on Archaea?

    <p>Chloramphenicol and aminoglycosides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of gas vesicles in prokaryotes?

    <p>Provide buoyancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mass of the eukaryotic 80S ribosome?

    <p>4.22 × 10$^{6}$ Da</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main constituent of the interior of gas vesicles?

    <p>Gases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sedimentation coefficient of bacterial and archaeal ribosomes?

    <p>Same</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of gas vesicles?

    <p>Cylindrical structures with conical end pieces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do eukaryotic ribosomes consist of?

    <p>40S and 60S subunits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common type of bacterial cell division?

    <p>Binary transverse fission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are gas vesicles isolated from bacteria and archaea?

    <p>Gently lysing cells and separating them by low-speed differential centrifugation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do prokaryotes maintain their shapes during asexual reproduction?

    <p>Binary transverse fission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What prevents water from entering gas vesicles?

    <p>Hydrophobic amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of unicellular bacteria that includes rods?

    <p>Bacilli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mass of the small 30S subunit in prokaryotic ribosomes?

    <p>Not mentioned in the text</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bacteria form long filaments with branches, creating a network called a mycelium?

    <p>Actinobacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the multicellular shapes exhibited by cyanobacteria, with cells having specialized functions?

    <p>Trichomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do multicellular prokaryotes with trichomes divide?

    <p>Transverse fission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What precedes septum formation in binary transverse fission?

    <p>DNA replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the less common form of cell division among prokaryotic organisms?

    <p>Budding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens in budding, a less common form of cell division among prokaryotic organisms?

    <p>A small protuberance forms on the mother cell and enlarges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which axis does a septum form in binary transverse fission?

    <p>Transverse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the network created by long filaments with branches in actinobacteria?

    <p>Mycelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What shape is included in the unicellular bacteria variations?

    <p>Spirals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Prokaryotic Cell Division and Structure

    • Bacteria and Archaea grow and divide along one axis, resulting in chains of cells of various lengths.
    • Shapes of unicellular bacteria include cocci, rods, helices, and variations like prosthecae.
    • Actinobacteria are multicellular, forming long filaments with branches, creating a network called a mycelium.
    • Cyanobacteria exhibit multicellular shapes like trichomes, with cells having specialized functions.
    • Prokaryotes maintain their shapes during asexual reproduction through binary transverse fission or budding.
    • Binary transverse fission is the most common type of bacterial cell division, resulting in two separate cells.
    • In binary transverse fission, a septum is formed along the transverse axis of the original cell, and DNA replication precedes septum formation.
    • Multicellular prokaryotes with trichomes divide by transverse fission, ultimately separating into two separate trichomes.
    • Budding, or bud formation, is a less common form of cell division among prokaryotic organisms.
    • In budding, a small protuberance forms on the mother cell and enlarges as growth proceeds.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of prokaryotic cell division and structure with this quiz. Explore the various shapes and reproductive methods of bacteria and archaea, from binary transverse fission to budding.

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