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Questions and Answers

What elements are revealed by the X-ray data for the fungal microcolony?

  • Iron and copper
  • Manganese and iron (correct)
  • Iron and zinc
  • Manganese and copper

    • What shapes do most single-celled prokaryotes come in?

  • Spherical (correct)
  • Cylindrical
  • Cubical
  • Pyramidal

    • What is the simplest shape for a single-celled prokaryote?

  • Cuboid
  • Sphere (correct)
  • Pyramid
  • Cylinder

    • What does the X-ray analysis of the surrounding rock reveal?

    <p>Iron and other elements, but no manganese</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of prokaryotic cell division processes mentioned in the text?

    <p>Binary transverse fission and budding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of cell division does the mother cell produce two daughter cells while maintaining symmetry throughout?

    <p>Binary transverse fission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of budding in prokaryotic cell division?

    <p>The mother cell produces one daughter cell while retaining its identity, with asymmetry in division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process undergone by Actinobacteria resulting in the simultaneous formation of numerous unicellular rods?

    <p>Fragmentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the smaller daughter cells produced by Cyanobacteria during cell division?

    <p>Baeocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which bacterium can bud formation be repeated as long as nutrients are available for growth?

    <p>Ancalomicrobium adetum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do scientists determine cell component composition?

    <p>By breaking open cells using chemical or physical procedures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method is used to separate and purify cell components for studying subcellular features?

    <p>Centrifugation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are the fine structure and ultrastructure of microbial cells observed?

    <p>Using electron microscopy procedures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does density gradient centrifugation use to separate cell fractions?

    <p>Different concentrations of a solute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be done with the separated and purified cell fraction?

    <p>Analyzed chemically to determine its composition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of prokaryotic genome?

    <p>To store hereditary information in genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure of prokaryotic DNA?

    <p>Circular and not in a confined area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are plasmids in prokaryotic cells?

    <p>Extrachromosomal circular DNA molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the molecular weight range of prokaryotic DNA?

    <p>$10^9$ to $10^{10}$ Da</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appearance of DNA in prokaryotic cells?

    <p>Appears as fibrous material in cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of plasmids in prokaryotic cells?

    <p>Do not carry essential genetic material, but may enhance survivability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is genetic material transferred between prokaryotes?

    <p>Through transformation, conjugation, and transduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appearance of released DNA from prokaryotic cells?

    <p>Coiled structure, tightly wound in supercoils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of ribosomes in prokaryotic cells?

    <p>Carry out protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hereditary material in prokaryotic cells?

    <p>DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure used for material identity and purity checks in prokaryotic cells?

    <p>Electron microscope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are ribosomes commonly found in prokaryotes?

    <p>In many different Bacteria and Archaea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mass of the prokaryotic 70S ribosome?

    <p>2.52 × 10$^{6}$ Da</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of the shell of gas vesicles?

    <p>Predominant protein with repeating subunits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotics disrupt ribosome activity in bacteria but have no adverse effects on Archaea?

    <p>Chloramphenicol and aminoglycosides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of gas vesicles in prokaryotes?

    <p>Provide buoyancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mass of the eukaryotic 80S ribosome?

    <p>4.22 × 10$^{6}$ Da</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main constituent of the interior of gas vesicles?

    <p>Gases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sedimentation coefficient of bacterial and archaeal ribosomes?

    <p>Same</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of gas vesicles?

    <p>Cylindrical structures with conical end pieces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do eukaryotic ribosomes consist of?

    <p>40S and 60S subunits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common type of bacterial cell division?

    <p>Binary transverse fission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are gas vesicles isolated from bacteria and archaea?

    <p>Gently lysing cells and separating them by low-speed differential centrifugation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do prokaryotes maintain their shapes during asexual reproduction?

    <p>Binary transverse fission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What prevents water from entering gas vesicles?

    <p>Hydrophobic amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of unicellular bacteria that includes rods?

    <p>Bacilli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mass of the small 30S subunit in prokaryotic ribosomes?

    <p>Not mentioned in the text</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bacteria form long filaments with branches, creating a network called a mycelium?

    <p>Actinobacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the multicellular shapes exhibited by cyanobacteria, with cells having specialized functions?

    <p>Trichomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do multicellular prokaryotes with trichomes divide?

    <p>Transverse fission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What precedes septum formation in binary transverse fission?

    <p>DNA replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the less common form of cell division among prokaryotic organisms?

    <p>Budding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens in budding, a less common form of cell division among prokaryotic organisms?

    <p>A small protuberance forms on the mother cell and enlarges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which axis does a septum form in binary transverse fission?

    <p>Transverse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the network created by long filaments with branches in actinobacteria?

    <p>Mycelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What shape is included in the unicellular bacteria variations?

    <p>Spirals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Prokaryotic Cell Division and Structure

    • Bacteria and Archaea grow and divide along one axis, resulting in chains of cells of various lengths.
    • Shapes of unicellular bacteria include cocci, rods, helices, and variations like prosthecae.
    • Actinobacteria are multicellular, forming long filaments with branches, creating a network called a mycelium.
    • Cyanobacteria exhibit multicellular shapes like trichomes, with cells having specialized functions.
    • Prokaryotes maintain their shapes during asexual reproduction through binary transverse fission or budding.
    • Binary transverse fission is the most common type of bacterial cell division, resulting in two separate cells.
    • In binary transverse fission, a septum is formed along the transverse axis of the original cell, and DNA replication precedes septum formation.
    • Multicellular prokaryotes with trichomes divide by transverse fission, ultimately separating into two separate trichomes.
    • Budding, or bud formation, is a less common form of cell division among prokaryotic organisms.
    • In budding, a small protuberance forms on the mother cell and enlarges as growth proceeds.

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    Chapter 4 Morphology of Bacteria and Archaea PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge of prokaryotic cell division and structure with this quiz. Explore the various shapes and reproductive methods of bacteria and archaea, from binary transverse fission to budding.

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