30 Questions
What is the basic structural unit of DNA?
Nucleotides
Which type of nucleic acid is a single-stranded structure?
Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
What is a gene?
Segment of DNA that codes for a functional product
What is the complete genetic information of a cell called?
Genome
Which type of molecule is a nucleotide composed of?
Nitrogenous Base, Phosphate group, Pentose sugar
What is the role of a codon in DNA?
Codes for a functional product
Which of the following nitrogenous bases are found in RNA?
Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Uracil
Which type of radiation induces the formation of thymine-thymine dimers?
Non-ionizing radiation
What is the difference between DNA and RNA in terms of sugar composition?
DNA has Deoxyribose sugar, while RNA has Ribose sugar
Which chemical agent converts cytosine to uracil, forming hydrogen bonds with adenine rather than guanine?
Nitrous acid
What type of mutation occurs when a point mutation changes a codon for an amino acid into a stop codon?
Non-sense mutation
What is the term for substitution of one nucleotide for another during DNA replication?
Transition
What are the two nitrogenous bases that contain 2 nitrogenous rings?
Adenine and Guanine
Which of the following is true about plasmids?
Plasmids are double-stranded circular DNA molecules
Genes are made up of single-stranded RNA structures.
False
Nucleotides are composed of four types of molecules.
False
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a double-stranded structure like DNA.
False
Plasmids are essential for the transfer of genetic information from one generation to the next.
False
A codon consists of two nucleotides in DNA that act as a code for placing an amino acid in a protein molecule.
False
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is composed of a single strand of nucleotides.
False
Plasmids are composed of double-stranded circular DNA molecules.
True
Sense mutation results in a new codon coding for a different amino acid.
False
Non-ionizing radiations, such as UV rays, have much more energy and penetrating power than ionizing radiation.
False
Induced mutations occur naturally, about one in every million to one in every billion divisions.
False
Thymine-thymine dimers complementary base pair with the nucleotides, allowing the replication of DNA strand to continue.
False
Transversion involves the replacement of purine with pyrimidine or pyrimidine with purine.
True
Nitrous acid converts cytosine to thymine, forming hydrogen bonds with adenine rather than guanine.
False
Mutation is a change in the amino acid sequence of a protein.
False
Purines contain 1 nitrogenous ring and pyrimidines contain 2 nitrogenous rings.
False
MRNA, rRNA, and tRNA are all types of RNA found in DNA.
False
Test your knowledge of microbial genetics, including the study of genes, genetic variation, genome, and nucleic acids. Explore the molecular structure and function of genes, as well as the essential role of nucleic acids in transferring genetic information.
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