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Questions and Answers
What are the three basic types of recombination at the molecular level?
What are the three basic types of recombination at the molecular level?
- Transduction
- Transformation
- Homologous recombination (correct)
- Conjugation
- Site-specific recombination (correct)
- Transposition (correct)
The most common type of recombination is homologous recombination.
The most common type of recombination is homologous recombination.
True (A)
Transposons are smaller than Insertion Sequences.
Transposons are smaller than Insertion Sequences.
False (B)
What is the main enzyme that carries out the homologous recombination process, allowing exchange between molecules?
What is the main enzyme that carries out the homologous recombination process, allowing exchange between molecules?
What is the term used to describe the process of transferring genetic information between bacterial cells through direct contact?
What is the term used to describe the process of transferring genetic information between bacterial cells through direct contact?
What are two main types of transposable elements in bacteria?
What are two main types of transposable elements in bacteria?
Transposons are only found in viruses.
Transposons are only found in viruses.
Which of the following is not a method of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria?
Which of the following is not a method of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria?
Which of the following describes the transfer of DNA from one bacterium to another via a bacteriophage?
Which of the following describes the transfer of DNA from one bacterium to another via a bacteriophage?
Specialized transduction is a process where the bacteriophage accidentally packages random fragments of host DNA into its viral particle.
Specialized transduction is a process where the bacteriophage accidentally packages random fragments of host DNA into its viral particle.
Natural transformation is the uptake of free DNA from the environment by a bacterium.
Natural transformation is the uptake of free DNA from the environment by a bacterium.
A competent bacterium can take up DNA from the environment and be transformed.
A competent bacterium can take up DNA from the environment and be transformed.
The presence of an F plasmid in a bacterial cell can provide the ability to transfer DNA to another bacterial cell.
The presence of an F plasmid in a bacterial cell can provide the ability to transfer DNA to another bacterial cell.
An Hfr cell has a non-integrated F plasmid and is a high-frequency recombinant.
An Hfr cell has a non-integrated F plasmid and is a high-frequency recombinant.
The presence of a conjugative plasmid allows a strain to participate in conjugation.
The presence of a conjugative plasmid allows a strain to participate in conjugation.
Which of the following refers to the presence of a mobile genetic element that carries genes for antibiotic resistance?
Which of the following refers to the presence of a mobile genetic element that carries genes for antibiotic resistance?
Archaea have a single circular chromosome.
Archaea have a single circular chromosome.
Specialized transduction often occurs during lysogeny.
Specialized transduction often occurs during lysogeny.
Which of the following may have evolved as a mechanism for protected gene dispersion?
Which of the following may have evolved as a mechanism for protected gene dispersion?
The process of transduction can be described as ‘the transfer of DNA between bacteria mediated by bacteriophages’.
The process of transduction can be described as ‘the transfer of DNA between bacteria mediated by bacteriophages’.
What is the common characteristic observed in both Insertion sequences and Transposons?
What is the common characteristic observed in both Insertion sequences and Transposons?
In addition to the F plasmid, the tra genes are also crucial for the synthesis of sex pili, which play a vital role in the mechanism of conjugation.
In addition to the F plasmid, the tra genes are also crucial for the synthesis of sex pili, which play a vital role in the mechanism of conjugation.
In the process of conjugation, the integration of the F plasmid into the bacterial chromosome results in the formation of Hfr strains.
In the process of conjugation, the integration of the F plasmid into the bacterial chromosome results in the formation of Hfr strains.
The process of conjugation is a unidirectional transfer of DNA from the donor cell to the recipient cell.
The process of conjugation is a unidirectional transfer of DNA from the donor cell to the recipient cell.
The presence of the F plasmid in a bacterium always leads to its ability to transfer DNA to other cells via conjugation.
The presence of the F plasmid in a bacterium always leads to its ability to transfer DNA to other cells via conjugation.
A bacteria with a non-integrated F plasmid is called a F+ strain.
A bacteria with a non-integrated F plasmid is called a F+ strain.
The F plasmid can be transferred only to recipient cells without an F plasmid.
The F plasmid can be transferred only to recipient cells without an F plasmid.
Flashcards
Genetic Recombination
Genetic Recombination
Process where nucleic acids rearrange or combine to form new nucleotide sequences, creating recombinants.
Transformation
Transformation
Genetic transfer where free DNA is taken up by a recipient cell, changing its genotype.
Transduction
Transduction
DNA transfer using bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria).
Conjugation
Conjugation
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Hfr Strains
Hfr Strains
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Homologous Recombination
Homologous Recombination
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Site-Specific Recombination
Site-Specific Recombination
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Transposable Elements
Transposable Elements
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Insertion Sequences (IS)
Insertion Sequences (IS)
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Transposons
Transposons
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Conservative Transposition
Conservative Transposition
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Replicative Transposition
Replicative Transposition
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Transposon Mutagenesis
Transposon Mutagenesis
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Competence
Competence
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Generalized Transduction
Generalized Transduction
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Specialized Transduction
Specialized Transduction
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Gene Transfer Agents (GTAs)
Gene Transfer Agents (GTAs)
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F Plasmid
F Plasmid
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Bacterial Transformation
Bacterial Transformation
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Study Notes
Microbial Genetics: Gene Transfer
- Bacteria use various mechanisms besides mutation to generate genetic diversity.
- Recombination is a process where nucleic acid sequences rearrange or combine.
- Homologous recombination involves exchanging DNA segments with similar sequences.
- Site-specific recombination occurs at specific target sites in the DNA molecule.
- Transposable elements (transposons) are DNA segments that move within a genome.
- Insertion sequences (IS) are simple transposable elements that carry only the transposase gene.
- Transposons are larger elements with the transposase gene, plus other genes.
- Transposition (movement of transposable elements) occurs through conservative or replicative mechanisms.
Microbial Genetics: Mechanisms of Gene Transfer
- Transformation involves taking up free DNA from the environment.
- Competence refers to a cell's ability to take up DNA for transformation.
- Transduction is DNA transfer via bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria).
- Generalized transduction can transfer any part of the bacterial chromosome.
- Specialized transduction transfers a specific region of the bacterial chromosome.
- Conjugation is cell-to-cell contact for DNA transfer.
- A "donor" cell and a "recipient" cell are involved.
- An F (fertility) plasmid often mediates transfer in conjugation.
Microbial Genetics: Gene Transfer in Archaea
- Archaea also experience gene transfer mechanisms.
- Archaea exhibit several conjugation, transformation, and transduction mechanisms.
Microbial Genetics: Other Concepts
- Viral replication in bacteria affects genetic recombination.
- Gene transfer agents (GTAs) are helper bacteriophages.
- Mechanisms for detecting gene transfer agents include testing for exchanged genetic material.
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