MGMT 2.1 Classical Management Approaches

Study Notes

Frederick Taylor pioneered scientific management in 1911, emphasizing efficiency and productivity.
Observed that unclear methods reduced worker efficiency, leading to underperformance.
Proposed a systematic approach for each job, including careful selection, training, and motivation of workers.
Advocated for supporting workers based on scientifically developed methods.

Develop a Science for Each Job: Analyzes tasks to identify the most efficient methods and tools.
Hire Workers with the Right Abilities: Focuses on the selection and thorough training of the workforce.
Train and Motivate Workers: Supervisors are trained to encourage and guide workers effectively.
Support Workers: Supervisors ensure that employees have the necessary resources to perform their tasks successfully.
Motion Study: Involves breaking down tasks into basic physical motions to enhance efficiency.

Implemented in organizations like UPS and the Henry Ford production line, showcasing improved productivity through systematic methods.

Max Weber (1864-1920) developed bureaucratic theories in response to inefficient organizational practices, promoting a structured approach.
Defined bureaucracy as a rational organization based on logic and legitimate authority.

Clear Division of Labor: Well-defined jobs that require high skill levels for performance.
Clear Hierarchy of Authority: Established authority and responsibility, with a distinct reporting structure.
Formal Rules and Procedures: Written guidelines establish expected behaviors and maintain historical records.
Impersonality: Ensures impartial treatment with no favoritism based on personal characteristics.
Careers Based on Merit: Workers are selected and promoted based on ability and performance, with managers as career employees.

Henri Fayol outlined administrative principles in his publication "Administration Industrielle et Generale."
Identified fundamental management functions: foresight/planning, organization, command, coordination, and control.

Foresight/Planning: Establishes a comprehensive future action plan.
Organization: Allocates resources effectively to carry out plans.
Command: Involves leading and evaluating team members.
Coordination: Integrates efforts, shares information, and solves problems collaboratively.
Control: Monitors progress to ensure alignment with plans and implements corrective actions as necessary.

Scalar Chain Principle: Emphasizes clear communication lines from the top to the bottom of the organization.
Unity of Command Principle: Ensures each employee reports to only one supervisor to avoid confusion and conflicts.