Questions and Answers
What are the four subfields of the classical perspective?
The classical perspective emerged only during the nineteenth century.
False
Who developed the scientific management approach?
Frederick W. Taylor
What is the Gantt Chart?
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What does the bureaucratic organizations approach focus on?
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What are the six characteristics of Weberian bureaucracy?
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Bureaucracy is viewed positively in contemporary organizations.
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Unity of command means each employee should have only one _____
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Match the administrative principles identified by Henri Fayol:
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Study Notes
Classical Management Theory
- Classical perspective includes four subfields: scientific management, bureaucratic organizations, administrative principles, and management science.
- Emerged during the 19th and 20th centuries, focusing on a rational, scientific approach to management.
- Industrial challenges of the 1800s included tooling plants, organizing managerial structure, training diverse employees, complex scheduling, and labor disputes.
Scientific Management
- Developed by Frederick W. Taylor, emphasizes scientific approaches to improve labor productivity.
- Replaced rules of thumb with precise work procedures from careful individual studies.
- Criticized for ignoring social contexts and worker needs, leading to management-employee conflict.
- Productivity increased across industries through standard methods, proper worker selection, training, support, and wage incentives.
Gantt and Time Motion Studies
- Henri Gantt created the Gantt Chart to track planned vs. actual work in production over time.
- Frank B. and Lillian M. Gilbreth pioneered time and motion studies, emphasizing efficiency in work processes.
Bureaucratic Organizations
- Subfield introduced by Max Weber, focused on the organization as an integrated system.
- Advocated for impersonal and rational management through defined authority, formal recordkeeping, and separation of management from ownership.
Characteristics of Bureaucracy
- Bureaucracies feature division of labor, hierarchical structure, rule adherence, written documentation, merit-based promotion, and separation of ownership/management.
- In bureaucratic systems, managerial authority is derived from legal power rather than personal relationships.
Negative Perception of Bureaucracy
- The term now often connotes excessive rules and bureaucracy but ideally promotes equal treatment and clarity of rules.
Administrative Principles
- Henri Fayol concentrated on the organization as a whole, proposing 14 administrative principles.
- Four foundational principles include:
- Unity of command: Each employee should report to only one supervisor.
- Division of work: Specialization allows for increased productivity with the same effort.
- Unity of direction: Similar activities should be managed collectively under one leader.
- Scalar chain: Clear hierarchical pathway for authority and communication.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the Classical Management Theory and its four key subfields: Scientific, Bureaucratic, Administrative, and Management. This quiz will challenge your understanding of the historical context of these concepts and their significance in modern management practices.
