مفهوم التفكير والذاكرة

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

ما هو مفهوم التفكير كما تم توضيحه؟

عملية تتفاعل فيها الخبرات مع الفكر (correct)

تحليل المعلومات فقط

التعلم عن طريق الحفظ فقط

فهم القضايا العلمية فقط

ما الهدف الرئيسي من التفكير وفقاً للمحتوى؟

تكرار المعلومات المكتسبة

تحصيل درجات عالية

تطوير الأبنية المعرفية (correct)

تطبيق المعلومات بشكل دوري

كيف يتم الوصول إلى افتراضات وتوقعات جديدة؟

باستخدام القراءة العشوائية

من خلال عمليات تفاعل ذهني (correct)

من خلال التعلم الآلي فقط

عن طريق الحفظ والتذكر

ما هي العمليات التي تشكل التفكير حسب المحتوى؟

التفاعل الذهني والخبرة Signup and view all the answers

كيف يُنظر إلى التفكير في سياق التعلم؟

كعملية ذهنية تتطور Signup and view all the answers

كيف يمكن وصف العلاقة بين التفكير والذاكرة؟

علاقة وثيقة يصعب الفصل بينهما Signup and view all the answers

ما هي العناصر الأساسية التي تؤثر على الخبرة السابقة للفرد؟

التخصص أو المهنة Signup and view all the answers

ما هو النظام الذي يتعامل مع معالجة المعلومات؟

النظام المعرفي Signup and view all the answers

لماذا تعد دراسة العلاقة بين التفكير والذاكرة مهمة؟

لأن الفهم الجيد لهما يسهل التعلم Signup and view all the answers

كيف يمكن أن يؤثر النظام القيمي على اتخاذ القرارات؟

يساعد في توجيه السلوكيات والاختيارات Signup and view all the answers

ما هي إحدى السمات الرئيسية للعلاقة بين التفكير والذاكرة؟

يتداخل التفكير والذاكرة في المعالجة المعرفية Signup and view all the answers

أي من الخيارات التالية لا يعتبر جزءًا من الخبرة السابقة؟

السلوك الاجتماعي Signup and view all the answers

ما هو الدور الذي يلعبه التخصص أو المهنة في تشكيل القيم؟

يساعد على تنظيم القيم بشكل أفضل Signup and view all the answers

ما الذي يصعب تحديده عند الحديث عن التفكير والذاكرة؟

الفرق بينهما Signup and view all the answers

أي من التالي يعتبر عنصراً أساسياً في التكوين المهني للفرد؟

الخبرة السابقة Signup and view all the answers

ما المقصود بالقدرة اللفظية؟

قدرة الفرد على إنتاج المفردات Signup and view all the answers

ما هي الخصائص الرئيسية للمرونة التلقائية؟

التكيف مع المواقف المختلفة Signup and view all the answers

في السياق التعليمي، لماذا تعتبر القدرة اللفظية مهمة؟

لتعزيز القدرة على التعبير Signup and view all the answers

ما الفرق بين القدرة اللفظية والمرونة التلقائية؟

القدرة اللفظية تركز على المفردات، بينما المرونة تركز على التكيف Signup and view all the answers

ما الذي يعزز قدرة المرونة التلقائية؟

زيادة المعلومات المعرفية Signup and view all the answers

ما هي قدرة الفرد على التمييز بين درجات قبول أو عدم قبول الصحة أو الخطأ؟

القدرة على الربط بين النتائج والوقائع ذات الصلة. Signup and view all the answers

ما هو عنوان الكتاب المذكور في المحتوى؟

علم النفس المعرفي - النظرية والتطبيق Signup and view all the answers

أي من الخيارات التالية يتعلق بمفهوم القدرة على التمييز في السياقات المختلفة؟

القدرة على الارتباط بالحقائق لموقف معين. Signup and view all the answers

من هو مؤلف الكتاب المذكور؟

عدنان العتوم Signup and view all the answers

ما الجانب الذي يتطلب القدرة على التمييز بين الصحة والخطأ؟

فهم القضايا المعقدة في النقاشات. Signup and view all the answers

ما هي الدولة التي تم نشر الكتاب فيها؟

الأردن Signup and view all the answers

ما اسم دار النشر التي قامت بنشر الكتاب؟

دار المسيرة للنشر والتوزيع Signup and view all the answers

كيف يمكن تحديد صحة أو خطأ النتائج في مواقف معينة؟

بمقارنة النتائج بالحقائق ذات الصلة. Signup and view all the answers

ما العوامل المهمة في تقييم صحة النتائج بناءً على الوقائع؟

الارتباط المادي بالبيانات. Signup and view all the answers

في أي عام تم نشر الكتاب؟

2021 Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Course Title and Details

Course Name: Educational Psychology Applications
Topic: Thinking and its Skills and Abilities
Academic Year: 2024-2024

Lecture Objectives

Understand thinking skills
Compare different thinking patterns and styles
Link thinking to problem-solving

Defining Thinking

Costa's view: Mental processing of sensory input to form ideas, perceive and judge sensory stimuli.
Parekh's view: A series of mental activities the brain performs when exposed to a stimulus.
Qatami's definition: A mental process where learners develop through interactions, building knowledge structures and generating new predictions/expectations.

Elements and Tools of Thinking

Symbols and signs: Words, mental images, abstractions.
Symbolic images: Mental representations of objects when thinking about something (e.g., a mental image of a path).
Language: Communication and thinking tool. Helps in learning new concepts.

Types of Thinking

Sensory thinking: Reliant on sensory-motor interaction with stimuli.
Logical thinking: Understanding reasons and causes behind things.
Analytical thinking: Breaking down environmental stimuli into separate parts for easier understanding.
Synthetic thinking: Combining separate parts to form a new unit for thinking.
Discriminative thinking: Distinguishing conditions to reach appropriate decisions.
Abstract thinking: Hypothetical thinking using symbols, generalizations and making/testing assumptions.
Deductive thinking: Deep and objective thinking to establish relationships between things.
Inductive thinking: Reaching general conclusions based on observed specific instances.
Deductive thinking: Reaching conclusions based on existing assumptions.
Insightful thinking: Reaching a solution by analyzing and understanding the whole situation.
Divergent thinking: Creating multiple solutions without constraints.
Convergent thinking: Thinking following specific rules to reach a specific result.
Critical thinking: Evaluating the validity of phenomena and reaching logical conclusions using standards and rules.
Creative thinking: Unconventional thinking, not following common perceptions.
Reflective thinking: Examining, analyzing, planning to understand and then forming conclusions.
Metacognitive thinking: Highest level of thinking. Planning, monitoring and evaluating thinking continuously.
Higher-order thinking: Rich in concepts, seeking exploration and questioning when dealing with various situations.
Lateral thinking: Understanding the problem from different angles by gathering available information.
Vertical thinking: Moving forward through sequential and well-considered steps.

Thinking and Memory

Close relationship between thinking and memory. Difficult to distinguish within cognitive information processing systems.
Memory: Stores information temporarily (short-term) or permanently (long-term). Thinking involves mental operations for processing information in the brain.

Sensation

Simplest mental process. Occurs when a sense organ receives a stimulus indicating something's happening in the environment.

Sensation Processes

Initiated by stimulation: Energy affecting sensory cells, activating them.
Nervous impulses generated, different for each sense.
Nerves transmit impulses from receptor cells to the brain.
Sensory centers in the brain trigger the sensation.

Attention

Sternberg's definition: Handling limited amounts of selected information from vast data sensed or stored in memory.
Al-Ziyat's definition: Involves choice, focus, purpose and interest

Types of Attention

Voluntary/Intentional attention: Focusing on one stimulus from many. Requires effort and focus.
Involuntary/Compulsory attention: Focusing on a stimulus forcing itself on the individual.
Selective/Intentional attention: Focus on a stimulus meeting personal needs/motivations.

Factors influencing Attention

External factors
- Stimulus intensity
- Stimulus novelty
- Stimulus change
- Conditioned stimuli
Internal factors
- Interests, values
- Psychological/physical deprivation (stress, fatigue, hunger)
- Motivation level
- Personality traits (extroversion, calmness, intelligence)

Perception

Understanding the world by interpreting sensory information.

Factors behind Individual Differences in Perception

Familiarity with the stimulus.
Clarity/ambiguity of the stimuli
Expectations
Motivation
Emotional state
Tendencies/attitudes
Past Experiences
Specialization/profession
Value system
Attention level

Perception and Learning

Effective learning requires perceiving stimuli to facilitate future retrieval.

Relationship between Sensation, Attention, and Perception

Interrelated and sequential processes. Sensation -> Attention -> Perception

Creative Thinking

Samson's definition: Initiative from the ability of the individual to escape from the ordinary context of thought and follow a new pattern.
Ellen Pears: Avoiding routine and conventional thinking to produce novel and uncommon results.
Guilford: A mental characteristic encompassing fluency, originality, and flexibility.
Mednick: Combines elements into a new structure to meet specific needs.
Torrance: A mental process with phases, beginning with problem sensing & culminating in solution.
Stein: Creating an acceptable and useful product pleasing to a large group in a specific time frame.

Components of Creative Thinking

Fluency: Generating many appropriate ideas within a set time for a particular problem.
Verbal fluency: Producing many words with given specifications within a given time.
Flexibility: Not following routines, generating varied and unpatterned ideas relevant to a situation.
Originality: Producing unique and uncommon ideas.
Detailing: Adding new elements or details to a particular idea or situation.
Sensitivity to problems: Recognizing weaknesses or strengths in a situation.

Stages in the Creative Process

Graham and Wallace's stages:
- Preparation: Defining the problem, understanding related aspects and comparing with similar problems
- Incubation: Letting the problem sit, allowing for unconscious work
- Illumination: The sudden appearance of an idea/solution
- Verification: Checking solution's validity

Critical Thinking

Various definitions highlight: Accurate understanding of the situation, recognizing relationships, evaluating evidence, making judgments & decisions without emotionality.

Critical Thinking Characteristics

Adaptable to changing circumstances
Deeper understanding of challenges and connecting experiences for appropriate decisions
Distinguishing between opinions and facts
Addressing destructive thoughts and habits
Enhancing ability to handle situations demanding abstract thinking skills

Steps/stages of Critical Thinking

Identifying assumptions
Interpretation/understanding
Deriving conclusions
Conclusions about the validity of conclusions in relation to relevant facts.

Developing Critical Thinking

Emotional factors (tolerance of others' ideas, avoiding personal bias)
Cognitive processes (deductive, inferential thinking, understanding, analyzing & evaluating processes)
Behavioral aspects (adjusting judgments based on new information)

Problem-Solving Thinking

Addressing a problem needing a suitable solution
A quest to achieve a goal facing an obstacle

Problem-solving Steps

Recognizing the problem
Defining the problem
Hypothesizing possible solutions
Testing the hypotheses
Taking action
Evaluating the results

Methods for Developing Problem-solving Skills

Presenting lessons as problems.
Motivating learners.
Creating a suitable learning environment (physical).
Training learners in solving problems
Encouraging collaboration amongst learners.
Using role-playing in teaching.

References

Provides authors' names, publication details and years for various sources and research papers.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

تتناول هذه الاختبار مفاهيم التفكير والذاكرة وكيفية تفاعلهما في سياق التعلم. كما يستعرض الأسئلة حول العناصر الأساسية التي تؤثر على الخبرة السابقة ودور التخصص في تشكيل القيم. اختبار مثالي لفهم العلاقة المعقدة بين التفكير واتخاذ القرارات.