Psychology Chapter 8 Memory Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is the principle of learning?

A method of developing an overall view of the material (correct)

A method focusing on memorization

A technique for rote repetition

A process that requires immediate recall

What does the forgetting curve represent?

The speed and amount of forgetting that occurs.

What is negative transfer?

An interference with learning due to differences between two similar tasks.

What does attention refer to in the context of memory?

Alert focusing on material. Signup and view all the answers

What is recognition?

The ability to pick the correct object or event from a list of choices. Signup and view all the answers

What is amnesia?

The blocking of older memories and/or the loss of new ones. Signup and view all the answers

What is eidetic imagery?

An iconic memory lasting a minute or so. Signup and view all the answers

What is a schema?

An organized and systematic approach to answering questions or solving problems. Signup and view all the answers

What is overlearning?

Learning something beyond one perfect recitation. Signup and view all the answers

What is a learning curve?

A gradual upward slope representing increased retention of material. Signup and view all the answers

What is state-dependent learning?

Material learned in one chemical state is best reproduced in the same state. Signup and view all the answers

What is a mnemonic device?

Unusual associations made to material to aid memory. Signup and view all the answers

What is interference theory?

The belief that we forget because new and old material conflict. Signup and view all the answers

What does elaboration refer to in memory?

Attaching a maximum number of associations to material. Signup and view all the answers

What is acoustic memory?

A very brief sound memory that can be sent to short-term memory. Signup and view all the answers

What is the transfer of training?

A learning process where learning is moved from one task to another based on similarities. Signup and view all the answers

What is information processing?

The methods by which we take in, analyze, store, and retrieve material. Signup and view all the answers

What is the sensory memory system?

Direct receivers of information from the environment. Signup and view all the answers

What is long-term memory?

The memory system that retains information for extended periods. Signup and view all the answers

What is chunking?

Putting things into clusters or 'chunks'. Signup and view all the answers

What does recall refer to?

The ability to bring back and integrate specific learned details. Signup and view all the answers

What is positive transfer?

A transfer of learning that results from similarities between two tasks. Signup and view all the answers

What is iconic memory?

A very brief visual memory that can be sent to short-term memory. Signup and view all the answers

What is short-term memory?

The memory system that retains information for a few seconds to a few minutes. Signup and view all the answers

What is forgetting?

An increase in errors when trying to bring back material from memory. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Memory Concepts and Definitions

Principle Learning: Involves developing an overall view of the material, facilitating better organization of information for enhanced retention.
Forgetting Curve: Represents the speed and extent of memory loss over time, illustrating how retention decreases.
Negative Transfer: Occurs when learning of one task interferes with the ability to perform a similar task due to differences between them.
Attention: Refers to the focused alertness on material, crucial for effective learning and memory retention.
Recognition: The skill of identifying the correct object or event from provided choices, illustrating memory recall processes.
Amnesia: Characterized by the blocking of previous memories and/or the inability to form new ones, affecting overall memory function.
Eidetic Imagery: A type of iconic memory that lasts briefly, allowing for immediate visual analysis of objects.
Schema: An organized system used to answer questions or solve problems, shaping how information is processed.
Overlearning: Involves practicing information beyond perfect recitation, leading to improved retention and decreased forgetting.
Learning Curve: Visual representation of the increase in retention over time as learning occurs, showing gradual improvement.
State-Dependent Learning: Refers to the phenomenon that retrieval of learned material is most effective when in the same chemical state as when it was learned.
Mnemonic Device: Techniques that create unusual associations with material to enhance memory retention.
Interference Theory: Suggests forgetting occurs due to conflicting information between newly learned and previously stored material.
Elaboration: The strategy of linking as many associations as possible to a concept to facilitate easier retrieval.
Acoustic Memory: A very short-lived auditory memory feature that can be transferred to short-term memory (STM).
Transfer of Training: Learning process where skills from one task are applied to another, facilitated by task similarities.
Information Processing: Encompasses the ways in which incoming information is analyzed, stored, and retrieved.
Sensory Memory System: Functions as the initial receivers of sensory information from the environment, with very brief retention.
Long-Term Memory: Memory system capable of holding information over extended time frames, from hours to decades.
Chunking: Technique that involves organizing information into clusters or groups for easier processing and recall.
Recall: The capability to retrieve and integrate specific details learned previously, demonstrating memory depth.
Positive Transfer: Describes the beneficial effect on learning when tasks share similarities, aiding in skill application.
Iconic Memory: An extremely brief visual memory lasting just long enough to be processed into short-term memory.
Short-Term Memory: The memory store that retains information temporarily, ranging from several seconds to a couple of minutes.
Forgetting: Refers to the increased likelihood of errors when attempting to retrieve stored information, indicating memory decay.

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Description

Test your knowledge of key concepts in Chapter 8 of Psychology, focusing on memory. This quiz features essential terms like principle learning, forgetting curve, and negative transfer. Perfect for reinforcing your understanding of how we learn and remember information.