Methodologische Zugänge zur Forschung

Methodologische Zugänge

• Quantitativ vs. Qualitativ: These approaches differ in their data types. Qualitative research uses non-numerical data like text and images, while quantitative research uses numerical data expressed in numbers. Quantitative data can be measured and assigned to scales, while qualitative data allows for analysis when logically meaningful.

• Quantitative Forschung: Focuses on measuring characteristics (properties/variables) of subjects numerically.

• It involves abstracting beyond individual cases to generalize findings.

• Typically used for theory-driven hypothesis testing.

• Valid, reliable, and objective findings are prioritized.

• Measurement involves assigning numerical values to characteristics.

• Qualitative Forschung: Aims for a holistic understanding of particular cases.

• Uses an interpretive approach, rooted in the humanities.

• Seeks to understand specific cases (idiographic) instead of generalizing.

• Focuses on the meaning and experiences of individuals rather than statistical significance.

• Emphasizes subjective viewpoints and observations in the field.

Gütekriterien der Forschung

• Quantitative: Prioritizes objectivity (independent of the researcher), validity (accuracy of measurement), and reliability (consistency).

• Objectivity is independent from the researcher.

• Validity assess accuracy of measurement.

• Reliability assesses consistency.

• Replications are crucial for establishing the validity and reliability of quantitative studies.

• Qualitative: Highlights the importance of demonstrable processes/procedures, depth of data, and consensus among researchers (triangulation).

• Emphasizes the ability to follow procedures and obtain detailed data.

• Triangulation uses multiple data points and perspectives to increase accuracy and consistency.

• Consensus, or agreement, helps ensure the accuracy and consistency of the findings.

Forschungsprozess (Flick 1995)

• Quantitativer Forschungsprozess: A linear progression from hypothesis to operationalization to testing and conclusions, emphasizing the deductive approach.
• Qualitativer Forschungsprozess: A cyclical and iterative process, focusing on inductive reasoning with constant feedback between data and the development of theory. The analysis process has multiple inter-connected steps.
• Focuses on the creation of theory through analysis of data, building on iterative refinement of the interpretation over the entire process.

Qualitativer Forschungsprozess: Stationen (Flick 1995)

• This section outlines the detailed steps in the qualitative research process.
• Various stages of data collection, analysis, and interpretation.
• It details data collection, data analysis, and interpretation.
• Aspects include sampling, data collection, data analysis, interpretation, and addressing the validity of the conclusions.

Mixed Methods Research (MMR)

• A research approach that combines quantitative and qualitative methods.
• Used for broader investigation, often with multiple research designs.
• Dates back to the 1990s, with various strategies for conducting this type of study.
• Different methods can be used sequentially or in parallel.
• Offers a way to broaden understandings and get different perspectives on a topic.

Beispiel: Die Arbeitslosen von Marienthal (Jahoda et al. 1933)

• A noteworthy example of a study using various research methods.
• The study investigated the social and psychological effects of long-term unemployment.
• It involved a 15-person team.
• Methods included an extensive review of the literature, interviews, statistics, and other ways of gathering and gathering information.

Forschungsdesign (Untersuchungsdesign)

• A framework for conducting empirical research.
• The research design describes how the research will be conducted, with careful consideration of the research methods planned from the start.
• A comprehensive design addresses important aspects of the research, like the method of investigation, and the data analysis in the study.