Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following patient conditions contraindicates the use of metformin?
Which of the following patient conditions contraindicates the use of metformin?
What is the primary mechanism of action of metformin in reducing blood glucose levels?
What is the primary mechanism of action of metformin in reducing blood glucose levels?
How should metformin be administered for optimal effectiveness?
How should metformin be administered for optimal effectiveness?
What is the most serious adverse effect associated with metformin use?
What is the most serious adverse effect associated with metformin use?
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In which scenario is it advisable to withdraw metformin?
In which scenario is it advisable to withdraw metformin?
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Study Notes
Mechanism of Action
- Reduces hepatic glucose production through inhibition of gluconeogenesis.
- Increases glucose uptake and oxidation by skeletal muscle via activation of AMP kinase.
- Lowers insulin resistance, improving insulin sensitivity.
Pharmacokinetics
- Administered orally, typically 2-3 times daily.
- Sustained release formulations are available for prolonged effect.
Adverse Effects
- Commonly causes gastrointestinal (GIT) upsets.
- Rare but serious risk of lactic acidosis, particularly in at-risk patients.
- Contraindicated in individuals with renal, hepatic, hypoxic respiratory, or cardiac diseases; also those in a shocked state.
- Should be discontinued prior to procedures involving iodine-containing X-ray contrast media to prevent complications.
Clinical Use
- Recommended as the first-line medication for overweight or obese patients with type 2 diabetes.
- Compatible for use with all other antidiabetic medications, including insulin, for comprehensive diabetes management.
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Description
This quiz covers the pharmacology of biguanides, focusing on Metformin. It examines its mechanism of action including the reduction of hepatic glucose production and insulin resistance. Additionally, the quiz addresses pharmacokinetics, dosing, and potential adverse effects associated with Metformin.
