Questions and Answers
When drilling stainless steel, what is the recommended drill angle and cutting speed?
What process is used to galvanise a material effectively?
At what temperature is steel typically tempered?
What is the primary benefit of tempering steel?
Signup and view all the answers
What effect does adding chromium to steel have?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following statements about the annealing temperature and steel is correct?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a result of tempering steel?
Signup and view all the answers
What characteristic is primarily associated with steel that has had chromium added?
Signup and view all the answers
What effect does adding chromium to plain carbon steel have?
Signup and view all the answers
Which statement accurately describes the purpose of case hardening?
Signup and view all the answers
The hardness of high-carbon steel at normal temperatures is attributed to what factor?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the process of nitriding primarily classified as?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the characteristic carbon content of medium carbon steels?
Signup and view all the answers
Which element is essential for the classification of a metal as ferrous?
Signup and view all the answers
Which statement about ferrous metals is true?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary goal of the annealing process in steel?
Signup and view all the answers
The hardness range for cobalt steel as tested by the Brinell test typically falls between what values?
Signup and view all the answers
What action should be taken if a material is found in the tertiary phase of creep?
Signup and view all the answers
Which method is primarily used for marking out steels?
Signup and view all the answers
Phosphating of steels involves immersing the steel in a solution that contains:
Signup and view all the answers
Tempering involves which heating and cooling method?
Signup and view all the answers
What is true about austenitic stainless steels?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary transformation of steel during cooling from above the LCT?
Signup and view all the answers
Which method is specifically used to demagnetize steel after a NDT examination?
Signup and view all the answers
What structural change contributes most to the increased hardness of steel?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the cooling process characteristic of normalizing steel?
Signup and view all the answers
The purpose of normalizing steel is primarily to:
Signup and view all the answers
Cast iron is characterized by which of the following properties?
Signup and view all the answers
Case hardening can be effectively applied to which type of metals?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of corrosion is stainless steel exhaust systems particularly susceptible to?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common consequence of heating steel above its critical temperature and then cooling it rapidly?
Signup and view all the answers
When is steel typically tempered during the heat treatment process?
Signup and view all the answers
Under what condition is the fatigue life of a steel component considered infinite?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary purpose of annealing steels?
Signup and view all the answers
Which process is most appropriate for case hardening low carbon steel?
Signup and view all the answers
What term describes the stress that remains in a steel product after manufacturing and heat treatment?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main goal of tempering hardened steel?
Signup and view all the answers
Which metallic element is crucial for the cutting ability of high speed steel?
Signup and view all the answers
When a low carbon steel bolt is stretched beyond its elastic limit, what happens?
Signup and view all the answers
1% Nickel and 1% Carbon steel is typically used for what application?
Signup and view all the answers
Fatigue failure is defined by which characteristic?
Signup and view all the answers
What is one of the effects of normalising steels?
Signup and view all the answers
Which property describes cast iron accurately?
Signup and view all the answers
Austenitic steel is formed under what specific condition?
Signup and view all the answers
Refining pig iron to produce steel mainly involves the removal of which element?
Signup and view all the answers
During a Rockwell Hardness test, what specifically gets measured?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the '0' in 2024-T3 indicate about the alloy?
Signup and view all the answers
What is eliminated by using two-piece tube connectors in aircraft hydraulic systems?
Signup and view all the answers
What method can potentially reduce flare thickness during the tightening process?
Signup and view all the answers
What happens to material during a tensile strength test?
Signup and view all the answers
Which characteristic does impact resistance primarily measure?
Signup and view all the answers
During a Vickers or Brinell hardness test, how long is the specified contact time between the indentor and test piece?
Signup and view all the answers
The striking energy of the striker in an Izod impact test is approximately what value?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the Charpy test evaluate?
Signup and view all the answers
In terms of static U.T.S., what is the typical range for the fatigue limit of steel?
Signup and view all the answers
What phenomenon allows mild steel to bear additional load after reaching its yield point?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary use of a Rockwell tester?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is not a type of hardness testing machine?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Drilling and Material Treatment
- Stainless steel requires a drill ground to 120° with a slow cutting speed for effective drilling.
- Galvanization involves dipping a material in a bath of molten zinc to protect it against corrosion.
- Tempering steel is performed below the annealing temperature to relieve internal stress without compromising material integrity.
Steel and Alloy Characteristics
- The addition of chromium to steel enhances hardness and increases resistance to corrosion.
- Case hardening produces a hard surface layer on ferrous metals while retaining a tough core to improve wear resistance.
- Medium carbon steels contain approximately 0.3 - 0.5% carbon for balanced strength and ductility.
Ferrous Metals and Heat Treatment
- Ferrous metals predominantly contain iron; they are often magnetic except for some stainless steels.
- Annealing is used to relieve internal stress and increase malleability in steel by heat treatment.
- Nitriding serves as a case hardening method to improve surface hardness and wear resistance.
Steel Properties and Treatment Processes
- Cobalt steel exhibits high hardness ranging from 600 to 700 on the Brinell hardness scale, making it suitable for cutting applications.
- Fatigue failure results from alternating loads reducing material strength over time rather than exceeding ultimate tensile strength (UTS).
- Normalizing steel involves heating above the upper critical temperature (UCT) and then allowing it to cool in air to relieve stresses.
Specific Applications and Properties of Alloys
- Austenitic stainless steels are categorized as non-magnetic and are produced above the upper critical point.
- 1% Nickel, 1% Carbon steel is typically used for ball and roller bearings due to its favorable strength and wear characteristics.
- Low carbon steel is commonly case hardened using pack or gas carburizing methods to enhance surface durability.
Damage Assessment and Material Testing
- Residual magnetism from non-destructive testing (NDT) examinations is eliminated through a process called degaussing.
- The Charpy test evaluates impact energy resistance, an essential measure of material toughness.
- The Rockwell hardness test measures the depth of the indent made by a specific load to determine material hardness.
Connection Techniques and Material Properties
- Two-piece tube connectors in aircraft hydraulic systems prevent flaring thickness reduction during assembly, enhancing reliability.
- Steel is produced by refining pig iron through oxygen blow to reduce carbon content, resulting in stronger material properties.
- Tempering hardened steel significantly reduces brittleness while maintaining overall strength, crucial for practical applications.### Fatigue Limit of Steel
- The fatigue limit for steel ranges between 20%-40% of its static Ultimate Tensile Strength (U.T.S.).
Strain Hardening in Mild Steel
- Mild steel can endure additional load past the yield point due to strain hardening, which increases its strength after deformation.
Rockwell Tester
- A Rockwell tester is primarily used for hardness testing, measuring a material's resistance to deformation.
Impact Resistance Test
- The impact resistance test employs a weighted pendulum that strikes a material until it fractures, assessing the material's toughness.
Hardness Testing Machines
- Common hardness testing machines include Rockwell, Brinell, and Vickers, each utilized for different material hardness assessments.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge on metalworking techniques, particularly the correct methods for drilling stainless steel and the process of galvanizing materials. This quiz covers key concepts that every metalworker should understand to ensure precision and quality in their work.