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Questions and Answers
How can energy expenditure be measured?
How can energy expenditure be measured?
- By directly measuring heat loss from the body (correct)
- By measuring the number of meals consumed
- By counting the number of steps taken in a day
- By measuring the number of hours slept
What is the typical range for energy expenditure per day?
What is the typical range for energy expenditure per day?
- 500-1,000 kcals/day
- 1,500-3,500 kcals/day (correct)
- 3,000-5,000 kcals/day
- 4,000-6,000 kcals/day
From which of the following can ATP be derived?
From which of the following can ATP be derived?
- Water and fiber
- Amino acids and sugars
- Carbohydrates, protein, fat, ethanol, pyruvate, and lactate (correct)
- Vitamins and minerals
What is the measurement of energy liberated over a specific time period?
What is the measurement of energy liberated over a specific time period?
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Which of the following falls within the cellular-energy-requiring operations?
Which of the following falls within the cellular-energy-requiring operations?
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Study Notes
Energy Expenditure Measurement
- Energy expenditure can be assessed through various methods including indirect calorimetry, direct calorimetry, and doubly labeled water techniques.
- Indirect calorimetry measures oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production to estimate metabolic rate.
- Direct calorimetry calculates energy expenditure by measuring heat output from the body.
Typical Daily Energy Expenditure
- Average energy expenditure for adults typically ranges from 1,600 to 3,000 kilocalories per day.
- Factors influencing energy expenditure include age, sex, weight, height, and activity level.
Sources of ATP
- ATP can be derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins through metabolic pathways.
- Glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation are key processes for ATP production.
Measurement of Energy Liberation
- The rate of energy liberated over time is quantified as power, often expressed in watts (1 watt = 1 joule per second).
- Energy measurements can also be represented in calories or kilocalories.
Cellular Energy-Requiring Operations
- Cellular processes that require energy include muscle contraction, active transport of molecules across membranes, and biosynthesis of macromolecules.
- Maintaining homeostasis and cell division also demand significant energy input.
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