Mental Health and Nursing Diagnosis Overview
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a physical need for individuals requiring long-term care?

  • Emotional support
  • Reassurance
  • Shelter (correct)
  • Connection with community resources

    • Emotional needs do not include reassurance.

    False

    Name one sign of crisis.

    Increased agitation

    The last resort for managing violent behavior is the use of __________.

    <p>restraint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of verbal de-escalation techniques?

    <p>To promote a resolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the phases of the Cycle of Violence with their descriptions:

    <p>Tension Building Phase = Stress and conflict escalate. Acute Battering Phase = Physical violence occurs. Honeymoon Phase = Perpetrator apologizes and promises change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Older adults have a lower risk of depression compared to younger adults.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a nurse do if they suspect abuse?

    <p>Report it to the appropriate authorities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What scale is recommended for assessing pain in older adults?

    <p>PAINAD Scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Older adults are likely to report pain accurately without any concerns.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one herbal remedy that is commonly used for mild depression.

    <p>St. John's Wort</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) includes __________, chiropractic, herbal medicine, and mind-body techniques.

    <p>acupuncture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the herbal product with its intended use:

    <p>St. John's Wort = Mild depression Valerian root = Anxiety Ginseng = Energy Kava = Sleep aid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a primary focus of Western Medicine?

    <p>Pharmacology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Non-adherence to treatment is uncommon in serious mental illness.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the aim of massage therapy?

    <p>To relieve muscle tension and improve circulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a psychological factor that can disrupt sleep hygiene?

    <p>Temperature fluctuations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gender dysphoria only affects individuals who are transgender.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is dysthymia?

    <p>A chronic, low-grade form of depression lasting at least 2 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Anhedonia refers to the increase in pleasure one experiences from enjoyable activities.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one medical condition that can disturb normal sleep hygiene.

    <p>Insomnia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    LGBTQ+ individuals may face significant __________ that affects their mental health and self-esteem.

    <p>stigma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of therapy involves electrical stimulation of the brain while the patient is under general anesthesia?

    <p>ECT (Electroconvulsive Therapy)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the psychological challenges faced by transgender individuals with their descriptions:

    <p>Depression = Mood disorder often caused by discrimination Anxiety = Mental health condition characterized by excessive worry Social Isolation = Feeling disconnected from community or support Trauma-related disorders = Mental health conditions stemming from past trauma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Patients experiencing __________ anxiety may need medications and a quiet, safe environment.

    <p>severe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following practice is recommended for gathering a history from LGBTQ+ individuals?

    <p>Use open-ended questions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following anxiety levels with their appropriate nursing interventions:

    <p>Mild Anxiety = Encourage problem-solving techniques Moderate Anxiety = Use grounding techniques and reassurance Severe Anxiety = Provide a quiet, safe environment Panic Anxiety = Stay with the patient and offer clear instructions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Creating a safe environment for LGBTQ+ individuals includes ensuring privacy and a nonjudgmental attitude.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common side effect of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)?

    <p>Headache</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one approach to reduce stigma in healthcare organizations?

    <p>Providing training to healthcare providers about LGBTQ+ issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Agoraphobia is an intense and irrational fear of open spaces.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory focuses on the individual's ability to meet their own care needs?

    <p>Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Benzodiazepines are long-term medications for managing severe anxiety and do not have any risk of dependence.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List one example of a vegetative sign associated with depression.

    <p>Changes in appetite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of antipsychotic medications like Haloperidol?

    <p>They block dopamine receptors in the brain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cholinesterase inhibitors, such as ______, aim to increase acetylcholine levels in the brain.

    <p>Donepezil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect associated with antipsychotic medications?

    <p>Sedation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following psychiatric medications with their primary use:

    <p>Benzodiazepines = Immediate relief of severe anxiety or agitation Antipsychotics = Manage acute psychotic episodes or severe agitation Antidepressants = Long-term treatment of depression Cholinesterase inhibitors = Improve memory and cognitive function in Alzheimer's</p> Signup and view all the answers

    SSRIs are typically used for the immediate treatment of acute anxiety.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one class of medication used in treating Alzheimer's Disease.

    <p>Cholinesterase inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a side effect of NMDA receptor antagonists like Memantine?

    <p>Hair loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lithium is safe to use without monitoring blood levels.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the therapeutic range for lithium?

    <p>0.6--1.2 mEq/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The early symptoms of lithium toxicity (1.5--2.0 mEq/L) include nausea, vomiting, and ______.

    <p>diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the medications with their usage:

    <p>Valproate = Treats mixed episodes in bipolar disorder Lamotrigine = Maintenance therapy for depressive episodes Olanzapine = Mood stabilization in bipolar disorder Quetiapine = Atypical antipsychotic for mood stabilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a serious side effect of lithium that requires immediate medical intervention?

    <p>Seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Elevated blood pressure is a common side effect of lithium.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What types of medications are often used as alternatives to lithium?

    <p>Anticonvulsants and atypical antipsychotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Chapter 1: Mental Health and Mental Illness (DSM-5)

    • The DSM-5 is a comprehensive classification system for mental health disorders
    • It standardizes definitions and diagnostic criteria
    • It's crucial for professionals to diagnose and categorize mental health conditions based on observable symptoms, etiology, and outcomes
    • The DSM-5 guides treatment planning and prognosis

    Nursing Diagnoses

    • Psychiatric-mental health nursing diagnoses focus on holistic patient care, addressing physiological and psychological aspects
    • These diagnoses guide nursing interventions and improve outcomes
    • Examples in psychiatric settings include Ineffective Coping, Risk for Self-Harm, Disturbed Thought Processes, and Anxiety

    Chapter 2: Theories and Therapies (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy)

    • CBT is a structured, time-limited psychotherapy focused on changing unhelpful cognitive patterns
    • It aims to manage emotional distress and maladaptive behaviors
    • It's an effective therapy for various mental health conditions, including anxiety, depression, and PTSD

    Chapter 3: Psychopharmacology

    • Psychopharmacology studies medications used to treat mental health disorders
    • It examines the role of medications in managing symptoms, side effects, risks, and nursing responsibilities
    • Medications in psychiatric emergencies are used to stabilize patients quickly, such as benzodiazepines (e.g., Lorazepam, Diazepam)

    Chapter 4: Treatment Settings (Environmental Safety)

    • Psychiatric inpatient units prioritize safety to protect patients and staff
    • Features like locked units, restricted items, continuous observation, and seclusion/restraint are used when necessary

    Chapter 5: Cultural Implications (Barriers to Care)

    • Cultural barriers to mental health care include language differences, stigma surrounding mental illness, and a lack of culturally competent providers
    • Structural barriers include limited access to services, especially in rural areas, long wait times, and inadequate insurance coverage
    • Economic barriers include the high cost of mental health services and medications
    • Patient rights include confidentiality, the right to treatment, refusal of treatment (except in involuntary commitment), and informed consent
    • Involuntary admission criteria vary by state but typically include danger to self or others, and/or inability to meet basic needs

    Chapter 7: The Nursing Process and Standards of Care

    • Nursing diagnoses focus on the patient's response to their mental health condition (e.g., "Ineffective Coping," "Risk for Self-Harm")
    • DSM-5 diagnoses focus on the medical classification (e.g., Major Depressive Disorder)

    Chapter 8: Therapeutic Relationships

    • Therapeutic relationships in psychiatric nursing develop in structured phases that facilitate patient trust and healing
    • The phases include orientation, working, and termination
    • Therapeutic responses involve active listening, reflection, restating, open-ended questions, and validation

    Chapter 9: Therapeutic Communication

    • Therapeutic communication is essential to build trust and promote healing
    • Techniques include silence, focusing, clarifying, offering information, and summarizing

    Chapter 10: Stress Responses and Stress Management

    • Stress manifests in physiological, emotional, and behavioral symptoms
    • Coping mechanisms include problem-focused and emotion-focused coping, and avoidance coping
    • The Life Changes Questionnaire assesses the impact of life events on stress levels

    Chapter 11: Childhood and Neurodevelopmental Disorders

    • Temperament refers to inherent personality traits influencing how children respond to their environment
    • Types include easy, difficult, and slow-to-warm-up
    • Therapeutic approaches based on developmental level are crucial for children and adolescents

    Chapter 12: Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders

    • Positive symptoms include hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking
    • Negative symptoms include affective flattening, avolition, anhedonia, and social withdrawal
    • Key components of the Mental Status Exam (MSE) include appearance, behavior, speech, mood and affect, thought process, cognition, and insight

    Chapter 13: Bipolar Disorder

    • Manic episodes are characterized by abnormally elevated or irritable mood, increased energy, euphoria, grandiosity, and pressured speech

    Chapter 14: Depressive Disorders

    • Depression is common in older adults, impacting chronic illness, loss of loved ones, social isolation, and life changes
    • Suicide risk increases due to these factors
    • Assessment includes pain, suicidal ideation, risk factors, and protective factors

    Chapter 15: Anxiety and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

    • Anxiety levels range from mild to panic
    • Interventions vary depending on the severity of anxiety
    • Treatment for OCD includes cognitive-behavioral therapy with exposure and response prevention, and medication such as SSRIs
    • The ACES Study links early childhood trauma to higher risks of mental health disorders, substance abuse, and physical health issues
    • PTSD is a disorder that results from traumatic events with flashbacks, nightmares, hypervigilance, and avoidance behaviours

    Chapter 17: Somatic Symptom Disorders

    • Somatic symptom disorder involves an excessive focus on physical symptoms with no medical explanation
    • Illness anxiety disorder is marked by excessive preoccupation with illness, despite lack of symptoms and conversion disorders involve neurological symptoms without a medical cause

    Chapter 18: Eating and Feeding Disorders

    • Anorexia Nervosa is characterized by severe restriction of food intake, fear of gaining weight
    • Bulimia Nervosa involves episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors like purging

    Chapter 19: Sleep-Wake Disorders

    • Normal sleep cycles include 4 stages of NREM and REM sleep
    • Factors affecting sleep hygiene include environmental factors, and psychological and medical conditions

    Chapter 20: Sexual Dysfunction, Gender Dysphoria, and Paraphilic Disorders

    • Gender dysphoria involves distress caused by a mismatch between gender identity and assigned sex
    • Mental health needs for LGBTQ+ populations, especially transgender individuals, often include depression, anxiety, social isolation, and trauma

    Chapter 21: Impulse Control Disorders

    • Impulse control disorders are characterized by impulsive behaviors, like intermittent explosive disorder, kleptomania, pyromania, and trichotillomania
    • Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is often used to treat these disorders
    • Delirium tremens (DTs) is a severe alcohol withdrawal syndrome with confusion, agitation, hallucinations, seizures, and autonomic instability
    • Substance use can lead to various medical problems like liver disease and respiratory diseases
    • Interventions like providing a safe and calm environment, and administering benzodiazepines are necessary

    Chapter 23: Neurocognitive Disorders

    • Risk factors for overdose include polypharmacy, tolerance, and mental health disorders
    • Signs of intoxication and withdrawal vary depending on the substance

    Chapter 24: Personality Disorders

    • Cluster A personality disorders include paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality disorders
    • Cluster B personality disorders include antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic personality disorders
    • Cluster C personality disorders include avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders

    Chapter 25: Suicide and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury

    • Assessment of risk factors for suicide includes mental health disorders, history of previous attempts, substance abuse, and chronic illness
    • Warning signs for suicide include verbal and behavioral cues

    Chapter 26: Crisis and Disaster Interventions

    • Psychological first aid is provided to reduce distress and emotional responses

    Chapter 27: Anger and Aggression

    • Assessment for potential danger to patients, staff, and others is essential, and includes evaluating for physical aggression and verbal threats
    • De-escalation techniques are crucial to acknowledge feelings and to promote resolution
    • Sensory approaches may also aid with de-escalation techniques

    Chapter 28: Child and Intimate Partner Abuse

    • Risk factors for abuse include child abuse (parental substance abuse, mental illness, poverty), and intimate partner abuse (prior abuse, substance abuse, financial dependence)

    Chapter 31: Older Adults

    • Risk of depression increases in older adults due to chronic illness, loss of loved ones, social isolation, and life changes
    • Pain assessment and management are crucial, and older adults often underreport pain
    • Stigma surrounding mental health can hinder help-seeking behaviours

    Chapter 32: Serious Mental Illness (Non-Adherence)

    • Non-adherence is common in serious mental illness and includes a collaborative approach to treatment
    • Include family members, and address concerns regarding medications

    Chapter 36: Integrative Care

    • Integrative care refers to complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) practices, including acupuncture, chiropractic care, massage therapy, and mindfulness practices

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    Description

    Explore the key concepts of mental health disorders as outlined in the DSM-5, including important nursing diagnoses. This quiz delves into Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and its effectiveness in managing emotional distress. Understand how these elements come together in providing holistic care for patients.

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