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Questions and Answers
What symptom indicates a need for external help in the case described?
What symptom indicates a need for external help in the case described?
Which test is mentioned as part of the evaluation for cognitive decline?
Which test is mentioned as part of the evaluation for cognitive decline?
What type of cognitive decline is described in this case?
What type of cognitive decline is described in this case?
What does the evidence from neuroimaging suggest?
What does the evidence from neuroimaging suggest?
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In assessing visual memory, which test is noted for analyzing patient's impairments?
In assessing visual memory, which test is noted for analyzing patient's impairments?
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Which of the following is a criterion for diagnosing Major Neurocognitive Disorder?
Which of the following is a criterion for diagnosing Major Neurocognitive Disorder?
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What is the relationship between Major Neurocognitive Disorder and other psychiatric disorders?
What is the relationship between Major Neurocognitive Disorder and other psychiatric disorders?
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Which genetic factor is associated with an increased risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease?
Which genetic factor is associated with an increased risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease?
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Which of the following activities would typically require support for individuals with Major Neurocognitive Disorder?
Which of the following activities would typically require support for individuals with Major Neurocognitive Disorder?
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What is the typical initial symptom in the clinical course of cognitive decline leading to dementia?
What is the typical initial symptom in the clinical course of cognitive decline leading to dementia?
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How does the prevalence of dementia in the Netherlands compare to that of lung cancer for individuals under 65?
How does the prevalence of dementia in the Netherlands compare to that of lung cancer for individuals under 65?
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Which gene is NOT mentioned as being involved in hereditary aspects of cognitive decline?
Which gene is NOT mentioned as being involved in hereditary aspects of cognitive decline?
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What age group has been noted for the prevalence of dementia cases mentioned in the data?
What age group has been noted for the prevalence of dementia cases mentioned in the data?
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What is a primary characteristic of the cognitive decline seen in Alzheimer’s disease?
What is a primary characteristic of the cognitive decline seen in Alzheimer’s disease?
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Which allele is considered protective against Alzheimer’s disease?
Which allele is considered protective against Alzheimer’s disease?
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Which of the following is NOT a symptom of cognitive decline leading to dementia?
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of cognitive decline leading to dementia?
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What type of inheritance pattern is mentioned regarding genetic predisposition for cognitive decline?
What type of inheritance pattern is mentioned regarding genetic predisposition for cognitive decline?
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What typically follows the initial subtle cognitive changes in the progression of dementia?
What typically follows the initial subtle cognitive changes in the progression of dementia?
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What is the primary symptom associated with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI)?
What is the primary symptom associated with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI)?
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Which population exhibits a higher prevalence of MCI according to the information provided?
Which population exhibits a higher prevalence of MCI according to the information provided?
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What type of testing is mentioned for assessing attention and speed impairments?
What type of testing is mentioned for assessing attention and speed impairments?
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What is one aspect that does NOT relate to MCI diagnoses as per the content?
What is one aspect that does NOT relate to MCI diagnoses as per the content?
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In the context provided, which of the following groups has a lifetime risk ratio for developing MCI?
In the context provided, which of the following groups has a lifetime risk ratio for developing MCI?
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What is a significant area affected in aMCI other than memory?
What is a significant area affected in aMCI other than memory?
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What percentage of the population in the Netherlands is stated to potentially suffer from MCI?
What percentage of the population in the Netherlands is stated to potentially suffer from MCI?
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Which of the following is typically NOT considered an amnestic symptom of aMCI?
Which of the following is typically NOT considered an amnestic symptom of aMCI?
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What percentage of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are expected to develop dementia within the next 2-5 years?
What percentage of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are expected to develop dementia within the next 2-5 years?
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Which of the following statements best describes the cognitive state of individuals with MCI?
Which of the following statements best describes the cognitive state of individuals with MCI?
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In the DSM-5 criteria for mild neurocognitive disorder, which condition is NOT considered an explanation for cognitive disorders?
In the DSM-5 criteria for mild neurocognitive disorder, which condition is NOT considered an explanation for cognitive disorders?
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Which of the following is an example of cognitive impairment that can classify as MCI?
Which of the following is an example of cognitive impairment that can classify as MCI?
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What distinguishes normal aging from mild cognitive impairment (MCI)?
What distinguishes normal aging from mild cognitive impairment (MCI)?
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Which type of dementia is most commonly associated with MCI?
Which type of dementia is most commonly associated with MCI?
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What does the 'continuum of cognitive (dys)function' refer to in the context of Alzheimer's disease?
What does the 'continuum of cognitive (dys)function' refer to in the context of Alzheimer's disease?
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Which of the following is a focus of research regarding patients with MCI?
Which of the following is a focus of research regarding patients with MCI?
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What is a defining feature of dementia due to Alzheimer's disease compared to MCI?
What is a defining feature of dementia due to Alzheimer's disease compared to MCI?
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Which of the following conditions must be ruled out when diagnosing MCI?
Which of the following conditions must be ruled out when diagnosing MCI?
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Study Notes
Dementia in the DSM-5
- Major neurocognitive disorder is the name for dementia in the DSM-5
- Cognitive decline compared to previous performance level
- Decline in one or more cognitive domains
- Presence of interference in daily activities
- Requires support to perform complex activities of daily living (iADL), such as internet banking, using a smartphone, administration, medication intake, cooking, etc.
- No delirium present
- No other psychiatric disorder present that could explain the cognitive disorders
- Such as depression, schizophrenia
Epidemiology of Dementia
- Over 12,000 people in the Netherlands with dementia under 65 years of age
- This is greater than the number of people with lung cancer at this age
- Data from Vumc 100+ study
Pre-Dementia Stage: Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)
- MCI is a pre-dementia stage of cognitive decline
- Characterized by:
- Memory or other cognitive domain impairment noted on neuropsychological tests
- Subjective cognitive complaints
- No significant limitations in daily life functioning
- About 25-50% of MCI patients develop dementia within 2-5 years, often Alzheimer's disease
- Research is focused on predicting conversion to dementia and early treatment to delay onset of dementia
- MCI patients still function independently
MCI in the DSM-5: Mild Neurocognitive Disorder
- Cognitive decline compared to previous performance levels in one or more cognitive domains
- No interference with daily activities
- No dementia
- No delirium
- No other psychiatric disorder present that could explain the cognitive disorders
- Such as depression, schizophrenia
- Mild NCD may be due to:
- Alzheimer's disease
- Parkinson's disease
- Vascular dementia
The Normal Aging, MCI, and Dementia Continuum (Alzheimer's Disease)
- A continuum of cognitive (dys)function
- Preceding dementia:
- No cognitive impairments (normal aging)
- Impairments in one or more domains with no functional impairment (MCI)
- Impairments in multiple domains with functional impairment (dementia)
- MCI due to Alzheimer's disease may precede dementia due to Alzheimer's disease
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Description
Explore the complex concepts of dementia as classified in the DSM-5, including major neurocognitive disorder and the role of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) as a precursor. Delve into the statistics surrounding dementia prevalence, particularly among younger populations in the Netherlands. Test your knowledge on definitions, epidemiology, and clinical implications of these cognitive disorders.
