Meningitis: Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis
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Questions and Answers

Quel type de pathogène pousse et se multiplie à l'intérieur des cellules hôtes?

  • Pathogènes réservoirs
  • Pathogènes intracellulaires obligatoires
  • Pathogènes intracellulaires facultatifs (correct)
  • Pathogènes opportunistes

    • Quelle est la période pendant laquelle la maladie est la plus sévère et affiche des signes et des symptômes spécifiques à la maladie?

  • Période de convalescence
  • Période d'incubation
  • Période de maladie (correct)
  • Période prodromique

    • Qu'est-ce que le tropisme pour un pathogène?

  • Le processus par lequel un pathogène doit entrer en contact avec le tissu hôte approprié (correct)
  • Le nombre de micro-organismes nécessaires pour causer la maladie chez 50% des hôtes inoculés
  • L'échelle de virulence d'un organisme
  • Le nombre d'organismes envahisseurs présents

    • Qu'est-ce qui affecte le succès de la transmission d'une maladie?

    <p>La présence de facteurs d'adhérence et d'invasion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quel est le terme pour le nombre de microbes nécessaires pour causer la maladie chez 50% des hôtes inoculés?

    <p>Dose infectieuse 50 (DI50)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qu'est-ce qui caractérise les pathogènes intracellulaires obligatoires?

    <p>Ils ne peuvent être cultivés en culture pure sans le support des cellules hôtes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quel facteur affecte le succès de la transmission en facilitant l'attachement et l'entrée du pathogène dans l'organisme hôte?

    <p>La virulence de l'organisme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quel terme désigne un objet inanimé qui transfère un agent infectieux entre les hôtes?

    <p>Contact indirect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qu'est-ce que l'exotoxine légionella provoque chez l'hôte?

    <p>Destruction localisée des tissus pulmonaires</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quel est le principal mécanisme de transmission de la diphtérie?

    <p>Transmission aérienne par les sécrétions nasopharyngées</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quel est le principal symptôme clinique associé à la pneumonie chlamydiale?

    <p>Fièvre, toux, mal de gorge et douleur en avalant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Que produisent les aflatoxines, produites par Aspergillus flavus et A. parasiticus?

    <p>Maladies du foie chroniques et aiguës ainsi que le cancer du foie</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quel terme désigne la présence de bactéries viables dans le sang?

    <p>Bactériémie</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quel agent pathogène est responsable de la maladie de Légionnaires?

    <p>Legionella pneumophila</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quel est le principal mécanisme d'invasion des tissus par les bactéries?

    <p>Invasivité</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qu'est-ce qu'un AB toxine?

    <p>Une toxine à deux sous-unités dont l'une catalyse une réaction toxique</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quel type de pénétration est activement causé par la production de substances lytiques qui altèrent les tissus hôtes?

    <p>Pénétration active</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qu'est-ce que la toxigénicité d'un pathogène représente?

    <p>La capacité du pathogène à produire des toxines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quel est l'agent pathogène de la coqueluche ?

    <p>Bordetella pertussis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quel est le principal symptôme de la coqueluche?

    <p>Toux incontrôlable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quel est le stade d'infection de la coqueluche caractérisé par des accès prolongés de toux violente ?

    <p>Stade paroxystique</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quelle est la méthode de diagnostic recommandée pour la coqueluche ?

    <p>Culture bactérienne et amplification d'acide nucléique</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quel type de streptocoque est responsable de la pharyngite streptococcique ?

    <p>Groupe A (streptocoque pyogène)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quel test est utilisé pour diagnostiquer la pharyngite streptococcique de manière rapide?

    <p>Kits de test rapide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quel est le principal agent de la méningite épidémique ?

    <p>N.meningitidis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quel est le principal symptôme de la méningite bactérienne ?

    <p>Vomissements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Comment la tuberculose est-elle principalement transmise ?

    <p>Par des gouttelettes et des aérosols</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quel ingrédient dans la paroi cellulaire rend les mycobactéries résistantes à la pénétration de certains antibiotiques ?

    <p>Acide mycolique</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quel facteur contribue à la réactivation de la tuberculose au site initial d'infection ?

    <p>Formation de cavités tuberculeuses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quel test intradermique est utilisé pour diagnostiquer Mtb ?

    <p>Test cutané à la tuberculine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quelle est la principale raison du développement de souches de Mtb multirésistantes (MDR-TB) et extrêmement résistantes (XDR-TB) ?

    <p>Mutations chromosomiques naturelles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quelle est la principale caractéristique qui rend difficile le traitement des infections par MAC ?

    <p>Résistance à la pénétration de certains antibiotiques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quel organisme est à l'origine des infections pulmonaires similaires à la tuberculose chez les personnes âgées avec une maladie pulmonaire préexistante ou un système immunitaire affaibli ?

    <p>Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quel organisme est responsable de l'épidémie de méningite et est transmis par des gouttelettes respiratoires ?

    <p>N.meningitidis (méningocoque)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the incubation period of an infectious disease?

    <p>Time between pathogen entry and development of signs and symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of pathogen only grows inside host cells?

    <p>Intracellular pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the number of microbes required to cause disease in 50% of inoculated hosts?

    <p>Infectious dose 50 (ID50)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organism can spread disease from one host to another?

    <p>Mosquitoes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is tropism in the context of pathogens?

    <p>Pathogen's ability to make contact with appropriate host tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of an infectious disease is characterized by mild, non-specific signs and symptoms?

    <p>Prodromal stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor affects the success of transmission by facilitating the attachment and entry of the pathogen into the host organism?

    <p>Presence of adhesion and invasion factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of contact involves an inanimate object that transfers infectious agents between hosts?

    <p>Indirect contact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recovery stage of an infectious disease called?

    <p>Convalescence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the organism that can pass a pathogen to their unborn child via vertical transmission?

    <p>Pregnant women</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main virulence factor of Bordetella pertussis that impacts electrolyte balance?

    <p>Pertussis toxin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is pertussis (whooping cough) primarily diagnosed?

    <p>Bacterial culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Streptococcus group is responsible for streptococcal pharyngitis, commonly known as strep throat?

    <p>Group A streptococci</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which poststreptococcal disease is an inflammatory disease of the kidney?

    <p>Glomerulonephritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virulence factor limits phagocytosis in streptococcal infections?

    <p>Capsules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the causative agent of rheumatic fever?

    <p>Streptococcus pyogenes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of pertussis (whooping cough) infection resembles common cold with mucus membrane inflammation?

    <p>Catarrhal stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Streptococcus species is a member of Lancefield group A streptococci?

    <p>Streptococcus pyogenes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Streptococcus virulence factor dissolves clots?

    <p>Streptokinases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the symptoms of pertussis (whooping cough) that are not diagnostic as they resemble those of many viral infections?

    <p>Redness, edema, and lymph node enlargement in throat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the number of microbes required to cause disease in 50% of the inoculated hosts?

    <p>Lethal dose 50 (LD50)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of penetration is actively caused by the production of lytic substances that alter host tissues?

    <p>Active penetration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the toxic component of endotoxin, which is toxic to mammals?

    <p>Lipid portion, lipid A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathogen is responsible for Legionnaires’ Disease?

    <p>Legionella pneumophila</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do mycotoxins, produced by fungi, primarily contaminate?

    <p>Food crops</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first line of treatment for Chlamydial Pneumonia?

    <p>Azithromycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathogen is responsible for Diphtheria?

    <p>&quot;Corynebacterium diphtheriae&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do Stachybotrys trichothecene mycotoxins primarily inhibit?

    <p>&quot;DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What substance disrupts the normal metabolism of host cells?

    <p>Toxin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common bacterial cause of epidemic meningitis?

    <p>N.meningitidis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterium is responsible for pulmonary infections similar to tuberculosis in elderly patients with preexisting pulmonary disease or suppressed immune systems?

    <p>Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for the development of multidrug-resistant strains (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant strains (XDR-TB) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

    <p>Lack of adherence to treatment protocol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What test is used for the diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and does not differentiate between active and latent tuberculosis?

    <p>Tuberculin skin test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathogen is difficult to treat due to the presence of mycolic acid in its cell wall, making it resistant to penetration by some antibiotics?

    <p>Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterium can be diagnosed by Gram stain or culture of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

    <p>N.meningitidis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterium is transmitted by respiratory droplets and causes clinical manifestations such as vomiting, headache, lethargy, confusion, sensitivity to light, and stiffness in the neck?

    <p>N.meningitidis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterium causes infections that are difficult to treat due to their resistance to penetration by some antibiotics?

    <p>Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes epidemic meningitis and is transmitted by respiratory droplets?

    <p>N.meningitidis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What bacterium causes human infections that are resistant to penetration of some antibiotics due to the presence of mycolic acid in its cell wall?

    <p>Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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