Mendel's Pea Shape and Color Molecular Explanation
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Questions and Answers

What does the R allele encode?

  • Stay green enzyme (Sgr)
  • Chlorophyll
  • Starch branching enzyme (Sbe1) (correct)
  • Sucrose

What is the result of the r allele not making Sbe1?

  • Chlorophyll is not broken down and the peas remain green
  • Sucrose and unbranched starch build up, leading to wrinkled peas (correct)
  • Sgr helps break down chlorophyll
  • Starch branching enzyme (Sbe1) is overproduced

What does the Y allele encode?

  • Stay green enzyme (Sgr) (correct)
  • Sucrose
  • Starch branching enzyme (Sbe1)
  • Chlorophyll

What is the result of the y allele not making Sgr?

<p>Chlorophyll is not broken down and the peas remain green (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is the role of the R allele?

<p>Encodes Starch branching enzyme (Sbe1) to affect pea shape (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the general function of a dominant allele according to the text?

<p>Determines a normally functioning protein (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the general function of a recessive allele according to the text?

<p>Does not encode a functional protein (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Unbranched starch build up' leading to wrinkled peas is a result of:

<p>The r allele not making Sbe1 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Chlorophyll not being broken down' resulting in green peas is caused by:

<p>'Stay green enzyme' not being made by the Y allele (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'A specific gene determines a specific protein, whose activity may affect the phenotype' represents which general molecular principle?

<p>Principle 1 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'A dominant allele usually determines a normally functioning protein' represents which general molecular principle?

<p>Principle 2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'A recessive allele usually does not encode a functional protein' represents which general molecular principle?

<p>'Principle 2' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the frequency of von Willebrand disease in humans?

<p>1/8,000 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which chromosome is associated with Marfan syndrome?

<p>17q (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the frequency of sickle cell anemia in humans?

<p>High (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which chromosome is associated with Tay-Sachs disease?

<p>15q (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common single-gene trait caused by a dominant allele in humans?

<p>Familial hypercholesterolemia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recurrence risk for each sibling of the proband in autosomal recessive inheritance?

<p>25% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In snapdragon flower color, what is the molecular explanation for incomplete dominance?

<p>The normal allele produces an enzyme involved in pigment production (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In codominance, what causes the F1 hybrids to display traits of both parents?

<p>Two alleles resulting in different sugars (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In dominance relations between alleles, what determines the type of dominance (complete, incomplete dominance, codominance)?

<p>The type of proteins encoded and their biochemical functions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does gene I control in relation to the surface of RBCs?

<p>The type of sugar polymer on the surface of RBCs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does variation in dominance relations between alleles not negate?

<p>Mendel's laws of segregation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which principle depends on 'the type of proteins encoded and the biochemical functions'?

<p>Incomplete dominance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of individuals having both A and B sugars on the surface of RBCs?

<p>They have both A and B antigens on their RBCs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Spotted' and 'dotted' are examples of phenotypes that reflect what?

<p>Genotype ratios (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Dominance relations between alleles' do not affect the transmission of alleles. What does this imply about genetic inheritance?

<p>It follows Mendelian inheritance patterns (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for controlling the type of sugar polymer on the surface of RBCs?

<p>Gene I (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the phenotype/genotype relations to be more complex?

<p>Variation in dominance relations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does an individual with two different sugars resulting from different alleles exhibit on their RBCs?

<p>Both A and B sugars (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for causing all progeny to be spotted and dotted?

<p>Two spotted alleles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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