31 Questions
What does the R allele encode?
Starch branching enzyme (Sbe1)
What is the result of the r allele not making Sbe1?
Sucrose and unbranched starch build up, leading to wrinkled peas
What does the Y allele encode?
Stay green enzyme (Sgr)
What is the result of the y allele not making Sgr?
Chlorophyll is not broken down and the peas remain green
According to the text, what is the role of the R allele?
Encodes Starch branching enzyme (Sbe1) to affect pea shape
What is the general function of a dominant allele according to the text?
Determines a normally functioning protein
What is the general function of a recessive allele according to the text?
Does not encode a functional protein
'Unbranched starch build up' leading to wrinkled peas is a result of:
The r allele not making Sbe1
'Chlorophyll not being broken down' resulting in green peas is caused by:
'Stay green enzyme' not being made by the Y allele
'A specific gene determines a specific protein, whose activity may affect the phenotype' represents which general molecular principle?
Principle 1
'A dominant allele usually determines a normally functioning protein' represents which general molecular principle?
Principle 2
'A recessive allele usually does not encode a functional protein' represents which general molecular principle?
'Principle 2'
What is the frequency of von Willebrand disease in humans?
1/8,000
Which chromosome is associated with Marfan syndrome?
17q
What is the frequency of sickle cell anemia in humans?
High
Which chromosome is associated with Tay-Sachs disease?
15q
What is the most common single-gene trait caused by a dominant allele in humans?
Familial hypercholesterolemia
What is the recurrence risk for each sibling of the proband in autosomal recessive inheritance?
25%
In snapdragon flower color, what is the molecular explanation for incomplete dominance?
The normal allele produces an enzyme involved in pigment production
In codominance, what causes the F1 hybrids to display traits of both parents?
Two alleles resulting in different sugars
In dominance relations between alleles, what determines the type of dominance (complete, incomplete dominance, codominance)?
The type of proteins encoded and their biochemical functions
What does gene I control in relation to the surface of RBCs?
The type of sugar polymer on the surface of RBCs
What does variation in dominance relations between alleles not negate?
Mendel's laws of segregation
Which principle depends on 'the type of proteins encoded and the biochemical functions'?
Incomplete dominance
What is the result of individuals having both A and B sugars on the surface of RBCs?
They have both A and B antigens on their RBCs
'Spotted' and 'dotted' are examples of phenotypes that reflect what?
Genotype ratios
'Dominance relations between alleles' do not affect the transmission of alleles. What does this imply about genetic inheritance?
It follows Mendelian inheritance patterns
What is responsible for controlling the type of sugar polymer on the surface of RBCs?
Gene I
What determines the phenotype/genotype relations to be more complex?
Variation in dominance relations
What does an individual with two different sugars resulting from different alleles exhibit on their RBCs?
Both A and B sugars
What is responsible for causing all progeny to be spotted and dotted?
Two spotted alleles
Learn about the molecular explanation for Mendel's pea shape and color through the alleles encoding specific enzymes and their impact on pea traits. Understand how the presence or absence of enzymes leads to different physical characteristics of the peas.
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