Molecular Genetics: Mendel's Pea Shape Explanation
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Questions and Answers

Which disease exhibits a dominant pattern of inheritance based on the pedigree analysis?

  • Huntington’s disease (correct)
  • Sickle cell anemia
  • Tay-Sachs disease
  • Cystic fibrosis

Which disease exhibits a recessive pattern of inheritance based on the pedigree analysis?

  • Marfan syndrome
  • Cystic fibrosis (correct)
  • Familial hypercholesterolemia
  • Neurofibromatosis type I

What is a key aspect of pedigrees with dominant traits?

  • Affected children always have at least one affected parent (correct)
  • Dominant traits show a horizontal pattern of inheritance
  • Dominant traits only affect males
  • Two affected parents never produce unaffected children

Which single-gene trait caused by a dominant allele has the highest frequency among humans?

<p>Familial hypercholesterolemia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the likelihood of an unaffected family member transmitting the phenotype to their children in autosomal dominant inheritance?

<p>Unaffected family members do not transmit the phenotype to their children. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of diseases with recessive alleles in humans?

<p>They often require both parents to be carriers in order for the offspring to be affected. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecular explanation for the wrinkled peas in Mendel's pea shape experiment?

<p>The R allele encodes Starch branching enzyme (Sbe1) and the r allele does not make Sbe1, leading to sucrose and unbranched starch build-up. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecular explanation for the green peas in Mendel's pea color experiment?

<p>The Y allele encodes Stay green enzyme (Sgr) and the y allele does not make Sgr, leading to chlorophyll not being broken down and the peas remaining green. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the general molecular principles, what does a dominant allele usually determine?

<p>A normally functioning protein (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the general molecular principles, what does a recessive allele usually encode?

<p>A non-functional protein (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the y allele is present in Mendel's pea color experiment?

<p>Chlorophyll is not broken down and the peas remain green (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of having the r allele in Mendel's pea shape experiment?

<p>Sucrose and unbranched starch build up, leading to wrinkled peas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecular explanation for the wrinkled peas in Mendel's experiment?

<p>The R allele encodes Starch branching enzyme (Sbe1), while the r allele does not make Sbe1, leading to build-up of sucrose and unbranched starch, causing wrinkled peas (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Y allele in determining pea color in Mendel's experiment?

<p>The Y allele encodes the Stay green enzyme (Sgr), which helps break down chlorophyll, resulting in green peas (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the general molecular principles mentioned, what does a dominant allele usually determine?

<p>A normally functioning protein (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the general molecular principles mentioned, what does a recessive allele usually encode?

<p>A non-functional protein (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the r allele is present in Mendel's experiment?

<p>Sucrose and unbranched starch build up, leading to wrinkled peas (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of the Y allele in Mendel's experiment?

<p>Chlorophyll breakdown, resulting in green peas (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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