Molecular Biology and Genetics Quiz

DNA Fingerprinting and Genetic Disorders

• N1 minisatellite polymorphism is largely used for DNA fingerprinting.

Prader-Willi and Angelman Syndromes

• Prader-Willi syndrome is associated with problems in the paternal chromosome.
• Angelman syndrome is associated with problems in the maternal chromosome.

Inheritance Patterns

• Cystic fibrosis is not an X-linked condition.
• Males are hemizygotes in X-linked genes.

Telomerase Properties

• Telomerase has multiple properties.

Histone Modification

• Acetyl groups can be added to both arginine and lysine residues in histones H3, correlated with gene activity.

Gene Regulation

• RNA-induced gene silencing is an example of post-transcriptional regulation.
• Alternative splicing has multiple correct statements.

Chromatin Remodeling

• Nucleosomal chromatin can be remodeled in various ways, excluding decapping of m-RNA.

Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes

• Gene regulation in eukaryotes can be influenced by multiple factors.

p53 Protein Functions

• p53 proteins have three major functions: growth arrest, DNA repair, and apoptosis.

Cell Cycle Regulation

• Retinoblastoma (rb) maintains G1 phase activity until S-Cdk dephosphorylates it, deactivating E2F protein.
• The cell cycle is halted at the G1-S checkpoint if the cell's DNA is damaged.

Transcription Regulation

• Upstream regions essential for correct transcription are called promoters.

Transcription Factors

• Humans have approximately 3000 transcription factors.

Protein Misfolding and Aggregation

• Abnormal conformational transition from alpha helix to beta sheet exposes hydrophobic amino acid residues and promotes protein aggregation.
• Misfolding is influenced by multiple factors.

Neurofibrillary Tangles

• Neurofibrillary tangles are created by hyperphosphorylated forms of tau protein.

Alzheimer's Disease

• Multiple proteins play a role in the pathogenesis of AD.

Prion Diseases

• The formal name for all prion diseases in humans is Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies.

Molecular Chaperones

• Protein B serves as a molecular chaperone for protein A.

Punnett Squares

• A chart used to determine the offspring of a genetic cross is called a Punnett square.

Blood Type Inheritance

• Mr. and Mrs. Fecundity, both having blood type B, have 12 children, with 3/4 being type B and 1/4 being O, indicating BO/BO genotypes for the parents.
• A family of six with four children, each with a different blood type (A, B, AB, and O), indicates AO/BO genotypes for the parents.
• A man with blood type B, with one parent of blood type O, marrying a woman with blood type AB, will have 50% of their children with blood type B.
• Phenotypic ratios of 3:1 in the offspring explain the principle of complete dominance.
• Rh+ was found to be dominant over the absence of the blood factor (Rh), but two Rh- parents cannot have an Rh+ child.