Questions and Answers
What is the characteristic of N1 minisatellite polymorphism?
What is the difference between Prader-Willi syndrome and Angelman syndrome?
Which of the following is not an X-linked condition?
What is the term for males who have only one copy of an X-linked gene?
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What is the function of telomerase?
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What type of regulation is RNA-induced gene silencing an example of?
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At which cell cycle checkpoint is the cell cycle halted if the cell's DNA is damaged?
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What is the function of p53 proteins?
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What is the stage of the cell cycle where transcription occurs?
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What is the term for the upstream regions essential for correct transcription?
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Approximately how many transcription factors are expressed in the human genome?
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What is the result of the abnormal conformational transition from alpha helix to beta sheet?
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What is the cause of neurofibrillary tangles?
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What is the formal name for all prion diseases in humans?
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What is the role of protein B in the presence of protein A?
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What is the term for the characteristics controlled by more than one gene?
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Study Notes
DNA Fingerprinting and Genetic Disorders
- N1 minisatellite polymorphism is largely used for DNA fingerprinting.
Prader-Willi and Angelman Syndromes
- Prader-Willi syndrome is associated with problems in the paternal chromosome.
- Angelman syndrome is associated with problems in the maternal chromosome.
Inheritance Patterns
- Cystic fibrosis is not an X-linked condition.
- Males are hemizygotes in X-linked genes.
Telomerase Properties
- Telomerase has multiple properties.
Histone Modification
- Acetyl groups can be added to both arginine and lysine residues in histones H3, correlated with gene activity.
Gene Regulation
- RNA-induced gene silencing is an example of post-transcriptional regulation.
- Alternative splicing has multiple correct statements.
Chromatin Remodeling
- Nucleosomal chromatin can be remodeled in various ways, excluding decapping of m-RNA.
Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes
- Gene regulation in eukaryotes can be influenced by multiple factors.
p53 Protein Functions
- p53 proteins have three major functions: growth arrest, DNA repair, and apoptosis.
Cell Cycle Regulation
- Retinoblastoma (rb) maintains G1 phase activity until S-Cdk dephosphorylates it, deactivating E2F protein.
- The cell cycle is halted at the G1-S checkpoint if the cell's DNA is damaged.
Transcription Regulation
- Upstream regions essential for correct transcription are called promoters.
Transcription Factors
- Humans have approximately 3000 transcription factors.
Protein Misfolding and Aggregation
- Abnormal conformational transition from alpha helix to beta sheet exposes hydrophobic amino acid residues and promotes protein aggregation.
- Misfolding is influenced by multiple factors.
Neurofibrillary Tangles
- Neurofibrillary tangles are created by hyperphosphorylated forms of tau protein.
Alzheimer's Disease
- Multiple proteins play a role in the pathogenesis of AD.
Prion Diseases
- The formal name for all prion diseases in humans is Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies.
Molecular Chaperones
- Protein B serves as a molecular chaperone for protein A.
Punnett Squares
- A chart used to determine the offspring of a genetic cross is called a Punnett square.
Blood Type Inheritance
- Mr. and Mrs. Fecundity, both having blood type B, have 12 children, with 3/4 being type B and 1/4 being O, indicating BO/BO genotypes for the parents.
- A family of six with four children, each with a different blood type (A, B, AB, and O), indicates AO/BO genotypes for the parents.
- A man with blood type B, with one parent of blood type O, marrying a woman with blood type AB, will have 50% of their children with blood type B.
- Phenotypic ratios of 3:1 in the offspring explain the principle of complete dominance.
- Rh+ was found to be dominant over the absence of the blood factor (Rh), but two Rh- parents cannot have an Rh+ child.
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Description
Assess your knowledge of molecular biology and genetics concepts, including transcription, transcription factors, and protein misfolding.