Molecular Biology and Genetics Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the characteristic of N1 minisatellite polymorphism?

It is largely used for DNA fingerprinting (correct)

It is associated with Prader-Willi syndrome

It is a type of point mutation

It is an example of post-transcriptional regulation

What is the difference between Prader-Willi syndrome and Angelman syndrome?

Both syndromes are associated with problems in the maternal chromosome

Prader-Willi syndrome is associated with problems in the paternal chromosome, while Angelman syndrome is associated with problems in the maternal chromosome (correct)

Both syndromes are associated with problems in the paternal chromosome

Prader-Willi syndrome is associated with problems in the maternal chromosome, while Angelman syndrome is associated with problems in the paternal chromosome

Which of the following is not an X-linked condition?

Cystic fibrosis (correct)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Color blindness

Hemophilia

What is the term for males who have only one copy of an X-linked gene?

Hemizygotes Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of telomerase?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What type of regulation is RNA-induced gene silencing an example of?

Post-transcriptional regulation Signup and view all the answers

At which cell cycle checkpoint is the cell cycle halted if the cell's DNA is damaged?

G1/S checkpoint Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of p53 proteins?

To induce growth arrest, repair DNA, and induce apoptosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the stage of the cell cycle where transcription occurs?

G1 – S Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the upstream regions essential for correct transcription?

Promoter Signup and view all the answers

Approximately how many transcription factors are expressed in the human genome?

3000 Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the abnormal conformational transition from alpha helix to beta sheet?

Exposure of hydrophobic amino acid residues Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of neurofibrillary tangles?

Hyperphosphorylated forms of tau protein Signup and view all the answers

What is the formal name for all prion diseases in humans?

Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of protein B in the presence of protein A?

Molecular chaperon Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the characteristics controlled by more than one gene?

Polygenic Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

DNA Fingerprinting and Genetic Disorders

N1 minisatellite polymorphism is largely used for DNA fingerprinting.

Prader-Willi and Angelman Syndromes

Prader-Willi syndrome is associated with problems in the paternal chromosome.
Angelman syndrome is associated with problems in the maternal chromosome.

Inheritance Patterns

Cystic fibrosis is not an X-linked condition.
Males are hemizygotes in X-linked genes.

Telomerase Properties

Telomerase has multiple properties.

Histone Modification

Acetyl groups can be added to both arginine and lysine residues in histones H3, correlated with gene activity.

Gene Regulation

RNA-induced gene silencing is an example of post-transcriptional regulation.
Alternative splicing has multiple correct statements.

Chromatin Remodeling

Nucleosomal chromatin can be remodeled in various ways, excluding decapping of m-RNA.

Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes

Gene regulation in eukaryotes can be influenced by multiple factors.

p53 Protein Functions

p53 proteins have three major functions: growth arrest, DNA repair, and apoptosis.

Cell Cycle Regulation

Retinoblastoma (rb) maintains G1 phase activity until S-Cdk dephosphorylates it, deactivating E2F protein.
The cell cycle is halted at the G1-S checkpoint if the cell's DNA is damaged.

Transcription Regulation

Upstream regions essential for correct transcription are called promoters.

Transcription Factors

Humans have approximately 3000 transcription factors.

Protein Misfolding and Aggregation

Abnormal conformational transition from alpha helix to beta sheet exposes hydrophobic amino acid residues and promotes protein aggregation.
Misfolding is influenced by multiple factors.

Neurofibrillary Tangles

Neurofibrillary tangles are created by hyperphosphorylated forms of tau protein.

Alzheimer's Disease

Multiple proteins play a role in the pathogenesis of AD.

Prion Diseases

The formal name for all prion diseases in humans is Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies.

Molecular Chaperones

Protein B serves as a molecular chaperone for protein A.

Punnett Squares

A chart used to determine the offspring of a genetic cross is called a Punnett square.

Blood Type Inheritance

Mr. and Mrs. Fecundity, both having blood type B, have 12 children, with 3/4 being type B and 1/4 being O, indicating BO/BO genotypes for the parents.
A family of six with four children, each with a different blood type (A, B, AB, and O), indicates AO/BO genotypes for the parents.
A man with blood type B, with one parent of blood type O, marrying a woman with blood type AB, will have 50% of their children with blood type B.
Phenotypic ratios of 3:1 in the offspring explain the principle of complete dominance.
Rh+ was found to be dominant over the absence of the blood factor (Rh), but two Rh- parents cannot have an Rh+ child.

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Assess your knowledge of molecular biology and genetics concepts, including transcription, transcription factors, and protein misfolding.