Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the fundamental principle underlying Mendel's first law of segregation?
What is the fundamental principle underlying Mendel's first law of segregation?
Gametes only have 1 allele, and after fertilization, the zygote will have 1 allele from the paternal and one from the maternal.
What is the key difference between a monohybrid cross and a dihybrid cross?
What is the key difference between a monohybrid cross and a dihybrid cross?
A monohybrid cross involves 2 alleles at a single gene locus, whereas a dihybrid cross involves 2 loci or 2 gene loci.
How do the recessive and dominant alleles interact in the F1 generation of a monohybrid cross?
How do the recessive and dominant alleles interact in the F1 generation of a monohybrid cross?
The recessive trait is hidden by the presence of the dominant gene.
What is the ratio of offspring produced in a dihybrid cross, and what law of Mendel does it obey?
What is the ratio of offspring produced in a dihybrid cross, and what law of Mendel does it obey?
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What is the term used to describe the inheritance pattern that follows both Mendel's first and second laws?
What is the term used to describe the inheritance pattern that follows both Mendel's first and second laws?
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What is the primary purpose of the Chi-squared test in the context of hypothesis testing?
What is the primary purpose of the Chi-squared test in the context of hypothesis testing?
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What is the difference between a dominant trait and a recessive trait in the context of pedigree analysis?
What is the difference between a dominant trait and a recessive trait in the context of pedigree analysis?
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What is the characteristic of an autosomal dominant trait, and provide two examples of such traits?
What is the characteristic of an autosomal dominant trait, and provide two examples of such traits?
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What is the genetic mutation that causes sickle cell anaemia, and what is the resulting effect on the alpha chain?
What is the genetic mutation that causes sickle cell anaemia, and what is the resulting effect on the alpha chain?
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What is the key difference between X-linked recessive and X-linked dominant diseases, and how do they affect the sexes?
What is the key difference between X-linked recessive and X-linked dominant diseases, and how do they affect the sexes?
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What is the characteristic of a Y-linked disease, and how does it affect the sexes?
What is the characteristic of a Y-linked disease, and how does it affect the sexes?
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Study Notes
Monohybrid Cross
- Involves 2 alleles at a single gene locus
- Traits are not lost in F1 generation
- Recessive trait is hidden by the presence of the dominant gene
Mendel's Laws
- Law of Segregation: Gametes only have 1 allele, and after fertilization, the zygote will have 1 allele from paternal and one from maternal
- Law of Independent Assortment: During gamete formation, pairs of alleles of different traits separate independently from each other, and different traits are inherited independently of each other
Dihybrid Cross
- Involves 2 gene loci
- Produces a ratio of 9:3:3:1
Statistical Analysis
- Chi-squared test is used to predict expected numbers based on a hypothesis
- Comparison to critical value is made to either accept or reject the hypothesis
Pedigree Analysis
- Presentation of Family Information: Depicts phenotypes and predicts family information
- Dominant Trait: In every generation, at least one individual will be affected
- Recessive Trait: Can affect individuals when neither parent is affected
- Inconclusive Pedigrees: Arise due to small family, could be autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive
Inheritance Patterns
- Autosomal Dominant: Affects both males and females, e.g., polydactyly and Huntington disease
- Autosomal Recessive: Affects individuals when both parents are carriers, e.g., cystic fibrosis and sickle cell anemia
- Sickle Cell Anemia: Caused by a point mutation in the alpha chain from glutamate to valine
- X-Linked Diseases: Higher chance in males than females, e.g., X-linked recessive disease
- Y-Linked Diseases: Only affect males
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Description
Test your understanding of Mendel's laws, including the law of segregation and the law of independent assortment, and how they relate to monohybrid and dihybrid crosses.
