Mendel's Experiments: Monohybrid Cross

Consider a scenario where two genes, A and B, are located on the same chromosome but are far enough apart to allow for occasional recombination. If a plant with genotype AaBb is self-pollinated, what phenotypic ratio would you expect to observe in the progeny if complete linkage were to occur?

In a trihybrid cross involving three independently assorting genes, the expected proportion of offspring showing all three recessive traits is 1/64, assuming each gene exhibits complete dominance

Define the concept of a testcross and explain its utility in determining the genotype of an organism displaying a dominant phenotype. Assume single-gene inheritance with complete dominance.

Mendel's law of ______ states that during gamete formation, allele pairs segregate randomly and each gamete receives only one allele of each gene.

Match the following terms with their correct definitions in the context of Mendelian genetics:

Consider a population of plants where flower color is determined by a single gene with two alleles: $R$ (red) and $r$ (white). Red is dominant to white. If the frequency of the $R$ allele is 0.7, what is the expected frequency of heterozygotes ($Rr$) in the population, assuming the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

The law of independent assortment always holds true for genes located on the same chromosome, regardless of the distance between them.

Explain how epistasis can modify the expected phenotypic ratios in a dihybrid cross, providing a specific example and expected ratio.

The phenomenon where a single gene affects multiple traits is called ______.

In a plant species, the height is controlled by three genes, each with two alleles (A/a, B/b, C/c) that have additive effects. The shortest plant is 30 cm, and the tallest is 60 cm. If a plant with genotype AABBCC is crossed with a plant with genotype aabbcc, what is the expected height of the F1 generation?

Consider a scenario where Gregor Mendel, faced with limited resources and a sudden aphid infestation in his primary pea plant population, decides to perform a modified dihybrid cross using only F1 generation plants heterozygous for both seed color (Yy) and seed shape (Rr). Given that aphid feeding preferentially damages ovules carrying the dominant 'R' allele, leading to a 20% reduction in their viability. What would be the expected phenotypic ratio of the F2 generation?

Assume that Mendel had access to modern molecular techniques, and further discovered that the gene controlling plant height in his pea plants was actually located on a non-recombining region, otherwise known as a holocentric chromosome. Would Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment still hold true for plant height?

Imagine Mendel discovered a novel epigenetic modification that affected gene expression based on parental origin in pea plants, contrary to his findings. How would he explain the observed patterns of inheritance if the expression of a certain trait depended on whether it was inherited from the maternal or paternal line?

In a hypothetical scenario where Mendel encountered a case of incomplete dominance in flower color, where a homozygous red-flowered plant crossed with a homozygous white-flowered plant produces all pink-flowered offspring, and the F2 generation shows a 1:2:1 ratio of red:pink:white flowers, this would be considered a violation fo the Law of ______.

Match the modern genetic concepts with their closest analogous element in Mendel's original experiments and postulates:

Suppose Mendel's pea plants had a gene that exhibited overdominance (heterozygote advantage) for disease resistance, where heterozygous individuals show higher resistance than either homozygous type. If a farmer consistently crosses two true-breeding lines, one highly susceptible (rr) and the other with low yield but moderate resistance (RR), what would be the long-term implications for the genetic diversity and overall yield of the farmer's pea crop?

Assume Mendel repeated his monohybrid cross experiments with pea plants that are tetraploid (4n) instead of diploid (2n). The law of segregation would still hold true, with the only difference being a higher number of possible allelic combinations in the gametes.

Imagine Mendel discovered that certain crosses in pea plants consistently produced offspring with new, stable phenotypes not present in either parent. Formulate a hypothesis based on modern genetic mechanisms to explain how these novel phenotypes could arise and become stably inherited.

If Mendel had studied a trait governed by a gene located on the mitochondrial DNA of pea plants, he would have observed a pattern of inheritance known as ______ inheritance, where the trait is exclusively passed down from the maternal parent.

Match each scenario with the most relevant Mendelian law or principle it violates or extends: