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Questions and Answers
What is the capacity of short-term memory (STM)?
What is the capacity of short-term memory (STM)?
- 7±2 (correct)
- Unlimited
- 10±3
- 5±1
What primarily causes forgetting in long-term memory (LTM)?
What primarily causes forgetting in long-term memory (LTM)?
- Decay over time
- Lack of retrieval cues
- Interference with new information (correct)
- Failure to encode information
Which type of coding is most commonly used in short-term memory?
Which type of coding is most commonly used in short-term memory?
- Phonological coding (correct)
- Visual coding
- Semantic coding
- Kinesthetic coding
In modern models of short-term memory, which component is NOT part of the working memory system?
In modern models of short-term memory, which component is NOT part of the working memory system?
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Which of the following best describes episodic memory?
Which of the following best describes episodic memory?
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Study Notes
Short term Memory (STM)
- Limited capacity of 7±2 items
- Information decays within 20 seconds if not rehearsed
- Primarily uses phonological coding
Long-term Memory (LTM)
- Unlimited capacity
- Forgetting occurs due to interference rather than decay
- Primarily uses semantic coding
Working Memory
- A more modern approach to STM
- Incorporates a central executive and an episodic buffer
- Includes "slave systems"
- Phonological loop responsible for verbal information
- Visuo-spatial scratch pad responsible for visual and spatial information
Memory Systems
- Declarative memory system
- Semantic memory (general knowledge)
- Episodic memory (personal experiences)
- Nondeclarative memory system
- Procedural memory (skills and habits)
- Priming (facilitated processing of a stimulus due to previous exposure)
- Classical conditioning (associating two stimuli)
Hierarchical Network Models
- Proposed by Collins & Quillian (1969)
- Emphasize superset relationships
- Include property relationships (attributes of a concept)
- Utilize associational networks
- Unique for each individual
- Include proposition networks (representing relationships between concepts)
- Can incorporate story-based knowledge
- Based on parallel distributed processing (PDP) models
- Similar to neural networks
- Generate stereotypes, allowing for generalization across different examples of the same concept (e.g., different types of chairs)
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