Podcast
Questions and Answers
Baddeley's study identified a clear difference between separate memory ______.
Baddeley's study identified a clear difference between separate memory ______.
stores
Later research showed exceptions, but the idea that STM uses mostly ______ coding has stood the test of time.
Later research showed exceptions, but the idea that STM uses mostly ______ coding has stood the test of time.
acoustic
Baddeley's study used artificial stimuli, which implies limited ______ to real-world memory tasks.
Baddeley's study used artificial stimuli, which implies limited ______ to real-world memory tasks.
application
Jacobs' study is considered a valid test of digit span within ______.
Jacobs' study is considered a valid test of digit span within ______.
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Nelson Cowan revised the estimate of STM capacity to about ______ chunks.
Nelson Cowan revised the estimate of STM capacity to about ______ chunks.
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The limitation of Peterson and Peterson's study was the use of artificial stimulus material, which led to a lack of external ______.
The limitation of Peterson and Peterson's study was the use of artificial stimulus material, which led to a lack of external ______.
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Bahrick et al.'s study is noted for its high external validity due to meaningful stimuli such as people's names and ______.
Bahrick et al.'s study is noted for its high external validity due to meaningful stimuli such as people's names and ______.
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When studies on LTM were done with meaningless pictures, recall rates were ______.
When studies on LTM were done with meaningless pictures, recall rates were ______.
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Study Notes
Evaluation of Memory Studies
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Separate Memory Stores: Baddeley's study identified clear differences between memory stores. Later research found some exceptions, but the idea that STM uses mainly acoustic coding and LTM uses mainly semantic coding remains a key finding.
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Artificial Stimuli: Baddeley's study used artificial stimuli (word lists). This limits its application to everyday memory tasks, as real-life memories are often more meaningful and use semantic coding.
Evaluation of Jacobs' Study
- Valid Study: Jacobs' study has been replicated and further research has confirmed its findings, despite some early methodological issues. Studies with improved controls have produced similar results.
Evaluation of Miller's Research
- STM Capacity: Miller's estimate of STM capacity (seven items) may be an overestimation. Research by Nelson Cowan (2001) suggests the capacity is closer to 4 chunks.
Evaluation of Peterson and Peterson's Study
- Meaningless Stimuli: Peterson and Peterson's study used meaningless stimuli (consonant syllables). This lacks external validity as not all memory tasks involve meaningless information.
Evaluation of Bahrick et al.'s Study
- High External Validity: Bahrick et al.'s study had high external validity, as it investigated meaningful memories (e.g., people's names and faces). This contrasts with other studies using meaningless stimuli. These results suggest a more realistic estimate of long-term memory duration compared to studies focusing on meaningless material.
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Description
Test your understanding of key evaluations in memory studies, including research conducted by Baddeley, Jacobs, Miller, and Peterson. Explore concepts like memory stores, artificial stimuli, and STM capacity. This quiz will assess your knowledge of the strengths and weaknesses of these foundational studies in psychology.
