Memory Processes and Models

<p>Long-term potentiation (LTP) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Explicit memory requires conscious thought, while implicit memory does not. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An organized cluster of knowledge about a particular object or event (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The activation of a schema by context or recent experiences (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Witnesses may alter their recollection after receiving misleading information (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To attribute memories to their correct origins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recall is free reproduction of information, while recognition is selecting from options (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It considers cognitive processes as patterns of activation in neural network-like structures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Determining if memories are based on external or internal sources (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mistaking one person's remark for another’s without context (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Classic conditioning (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Memory is improved by forming both semantic and visual codes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sensory memory (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Up to 20 seconds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chunking (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It acts as a temporary storage system for manipulation and retrieval of information. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Encoding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flashbulb memories (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It may enhance retention by making information personally relevant. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Semantic encoding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Attention (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recovering information from memory stores (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Identifying the number of letters in a word (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Storage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elaboration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Misinformation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shallow coding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Explicit memory formation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Retrograde amnesia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Consolidation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It impairs the retention of previously learned information. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Strengthening of synaptic connections (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Implicit memory (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The formation of new neurons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Episodic memory involves personal experiences at a specific time and place. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Encoding, storage, and retrieval are the three key processes in memory.

The deeper you process information, the better you remember it.

Briefly holds sensory information from the environment.

A temporary memory system used for holding and manipulating information.

The long-lasting storage of information.

An organized group of knowledge about a specific object or event, formed from past experiences.

Activating a schema through recent experiences or the current context.

A network of concepts linked by pathways representing relationships.

A model of cognition where cognitive processes result from patterns of activation in interconnected networks.

Incorrect information presented after an event can alter recall of the memory.

Distinguishing between memories based on actual events and memories based on thoughts or imagination.

Determining the origin of memories—where did you learn this information?

Mistaking the source of a memory.

The ability to store and retrieve information over time, the cognitive residue of past experiences, neural traces in the brain

The process of getting information into memory by transforming it into memory codes.

Maintaining encoded information in memory over time.

The process of recovering information from memory.

Focusing awareness on a limited set of stimuli or events.

The process of filtering out irrelevant stimuli to focus on the important ones.

Encoding information based on its physical structure.

Encoding based on the sound of words.

Encoding based on the meaning of words.

A limited capacity memory store for holding information temporarily. Rehearsal helps maintain info.

Organizing information into meaningful units to improve short-term memory capacity.

Memory is better when information is encoded in both visual and verbal forms.

Encoding information by connecting it to personal experiences.

Very vivid and detailed memories of significant events.

Measuring how much faster you learn something the second time, due to previous exposure. This is a way to assess how much information is retained from a past learning experience.

The idea that memory weakens and fades over time, simply because of the passage of time. Memory traces, like a physical record, become weaker.

When new information makes it harder to remember old information. The new stuff jams the old stuff.

When old information makes it harder to remember new information. The old stuff gets in the way of the new stuff.

A defense mechanism in which painful or threatening memories are pushed into the unconscious mind, making them inaccessible.

A strengthening of neural connections. When neurons repeatedly fire together, they become more efficient at communicating with each other.

Loss of memories for events that occurred before a brain injury.

Inability to form new memories after a brain injury.