Memory Concepts and Stages

The mental processes that enable us to retain and use information over time

The process of transforming information into a form that can be entered into and retained by the memory system

The process of retaining information in memory so that it can be used at a later time

<p>The process of recovering information stored in memory so that we are consciously aware of it</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A model describing memory as consisting of three distinct stages: sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The stage of memory that registers information from the environment and holds it for a very brief period of time</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The active stage of memory in which information is stored for up to about 20 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The stage of memory that represents the long-term storage of information</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A type of memory rehearsal that is useful in maintaining information in short-term memory or working memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increasing the amount of information that can be held in short-term memory by grouping related items together into a single unit</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The part of short-term memory that is concerned with immediate conscious perceptual and linguistic processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A memory technique that involves thinking about the meaning of the term to be remembered</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Memory recall of stimuli as a function of the depth of mental processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A part of long-term memory responsible for knowing how to do things, also known as motor skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The memory of autobiographical events that can be explicitly stated</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A portion of long-term memory that processes ideas and concepts not drawn from personal experience</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The conscious, intentional recollection of previous experiences and information</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A type of memory where previous experiences aid task performance without conscious awareness</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organizing items into related groups during recall from long-term memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A clue, prompt, or hint that helps trigger recall of a given piece of information stored in long-term memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Characterized by being able to retrieve information about the target word without retrieving the word itself</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bringing a fact, event, or situation back into one's mind</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An aspect of recall where retrieval is facilitated by the provision of cues</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The action or process of recognizing or being recognized</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The tendency to recall information presented first and last better than information presented in the middle</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A framework for understanding how contextual information affects memory and recall</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The influence of environmental factors on one's perception of a stimulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The congruence between feeling and the manner in which that emotion is expressed</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vivid, precise, long-lasting memories of personal circumstances surrounding shocking events</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To cease or fail to remember; be unable to recall</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The brain's occasional failure to create a memory link</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The phenomenon of having the strong sensation that an event has been experienced in the past</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A form of memory that involves remembering to perform a planned action at the appropriate time</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Memory fades due to the mere passage of time</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Theory stating that learning is affected when new material interferes with past learned behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When recalling old information is difficult due to newly learned information</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When old knowledge negatively influences the recall of newly learned material</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The action of suppressing something such as an activity or publication</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The action of subduing someone or something by force</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When recall of episodic memories becomes less accurate because of post-event information</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An attribute seen in different people's accounts of the same event after hearing others speak about it</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An apparent recollection of an event that did not actually occur</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A representation of a plan or theory in the form of an outline or model</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Handwriting as distinct from print; written characters</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The finding that imagining an event which never happened can increase confidence that it actually occurred</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The brain can edit a retrieved memory trace</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A persistent increase in synaptic strength following high-frequency stimulation of a chemical synapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A loss of memory-access to events before an injury or disease onset</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A category of processes that stabilize a memory trace after its initial acquisition</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A loss of the ability to create new memories after the event causing the amnesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A partial or total loss of memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A progressive disease that destroys memory and other important mental functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A group of thinking and social symptoms that interferes with daily functioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An American neuropsychologist who has investigated the neural basis of memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A German psychologist who originated the scientific study of forgetting</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An American neurologist who won a Nobel Prize for his work on the neural basis of learning and memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Known for important contributions to the study of learning and memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Known for her work on the misinformation effect and eyewitness memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An important figure in the research of clinical neuropsychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Known for the discovery of iconic memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Discovered the engram in the cerebellum and is a pioneer in Pavlovian learning</p> Signup and view all the answers