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Questions and Answers
Which plant is specifically gathered from England?
Which plant is specifically gathered from England?
Where is the Alexandrian senna shipped from?
Where is the Alexandrian senna shipped from?
Which option represents a plant produced in Spain?
Which option represents a plant produced in Spain?
What is a key consideration when discussing cultivated versus wild plants?
What is a key consideration when discussing cultivated versus wild plants?
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Which statement about the source of the listed plants is true?
Which statement about the source of the listed plants is true?
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What term is used to describe plants that grow in their native countries?
What term is used to describe plants that grow in their native countries?
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Which of the following describes plants that are not of native origin?
Which of the following describes plants that are not of native origin?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of indigenous plants?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of indigenous plants?
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What is the main difference between indigenous and exotic plants?
What is the main difference between indigenous and exotic plants?
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Which statement best describes exotic plants?
Which statement best describes exotic plants?
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What is a primary purpose of pharmaceuticals?
What is a primary purpose of pharmaceuticals?
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What term describes a book dedicated to the plants of a specific region?
What term describes a book dedicated to the plants of a specific region?
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Which of the following is NOT a form of dietary supplement?
Which of the following is NOT a form of dietary supplement?
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Which of the following correctly categorizes garlic tablets?
Which of the following correctly categorizes garlic tablets?
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What are fortified dairy products designed to do?
What are fortified dairy products designed to do?
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Which classification system organizes drugs based on their physical structure such as leaves and roots?
Which classification system organizes drugs based on their physical structure such as leaves and roots?
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What does the taxonomic classification of drugs primarily involve?
What does the taxonomic classification of drugs primarily involve?
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In which classification system would you find drugs listed under their Latin or English names?
In which classification system would you find drugs listed under their Latin or English names?
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Which of the following is NOT a primary category in the morphological classification of drugs?
Which of the following is NOT a primary category in the morphological classification of drugs?
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Which statement best describes the alphabetic classification of drugs?
Which statement best describes the alphabetic classification of drugs?
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What type of drugs would be classified as chemical drugs?
What type of drugs would be classified as chemical drugs?
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Which of the following is NOT a pharmacological use of drugs mentioned?
Which of the following is NOT a pharmacological use of drugs mentioned?
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What is a major characteristic of unorganized drugs?
What is a major characteristic of unorganized drugs?
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Which of the following therapeutic actions is associated with laxative drugs?
Which of the following therapeutic actions is associated with laxative drugs?
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Anthelmintics are drugs that serve the purpose of?
Anthelmintics are drugs that serve the purpose of?
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What does the term 'Natural Origin' refer to in the context of drugs?
What does the term 'Natural Origin' refer to in the context of drugs?
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Which of the following best defines the source of drugs derived from plants?
Which of the following best defines the source of drugs derived from plants?
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Why is the biological origin of a drug significant in pharmacology?
Why is the biological origin of a drug significant in pharmacology?
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Which statement is true regarding drugs sourced from animals?
Which statement is true regarding drugs sourced from animals?
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What is an example of a factor that does NOT influence the biological origin of drugs?
What is an example of a factor that does NOT influence the biological origin of drugs?
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Study Notes
Medicinal Plants PHG 101
- Lecture 2 covers important terms and plant nomenclature.
Important Terms
- Official drugs are listed and described in pharmacopoeias.
- Pharmacopoeias include: British Pharmacopoeia (B.P.), German commission E, American herbal pharm. (A.H.P.), Egyptian Pharm. (E.P.), Deutsch Pharm. (D.A.B.), World health organization (W.H.O.), United States Pharm. (U.S.P)
Folk Medicine
- Folk medicine (traditional) is not supported by animal or clinical studies.
Phytotherapy
- Phytotherapy is science-based medical practice.
Complementary vs. Alternative Medicine
- Complementary medicine is used in addition to conventional medicine.
- Examples include dietary supplements, physiotherapy, and massage.
- Alternative medicine is used to replace conventional medicine.
- Examples include meditation.
Nutraceuticals
- Nutraceuticals are food supplements.
- They are substances considered food, or part of food, providing health value (prevention and protection) in addition to nutritive value.
- Examples include vitamins, garlic tablets, and fortified dairy products.
Pharmaceuticals
- Pharmaceuticals are pharmaceutical products used to treat diseases.
Flora
- Flora is a book devoted to the plants of a particular region and restricted to a major segment in the plant kingdom.
Classification of Drugs
- Alphabetical classification uses Latin or English names found in pharmacopoeias.
- Taxonomic classification uses phyla, orders, and family.
- Morphological classification categorizes drugs as organized (leaves, flowers, fruits, barks, roots) or unorganized (extracts, gums, resins, oil, waxes).
- Chemical classification recognizes drugs containing alkaloids, volatile oils, etc.
- Pharmacological/Therapeutic classification groups drugs by their actions, such as astringents, cardio tonics, laxatives, and anthelmintics.
Origin of Drugs (Natural/Biological)
- Natural origin refers to the plant or animal that yields the drug.
- The binomial system, developed by Carl Linnaeus, is used to classify plant and animal Species.
- Genus species (followed by author name)
- example: Atropa belladonna L. (italicized)
Specific Names
- Specific names often indicate the plant's striking characteristics, such as color or activity.
- Atropa belladonna (bella: beautiful-donna: lady)
- pungent odor, color
- geographic origin
- Cannabis indica - India
- Myristica fragrans - nice aroma
- Caryophyllous aromaticus - aroma
- Specific names can also indicate a pharmaceutical activity or active constituents.
- Strychnos nux vomica - induces vomiting
- Quillaia saponaria - contains saponin similar to soap
- Nicotiana tabacum
Geographical Origin
- Geographical origin designates the habitat of the plant or animal source.
- Indigenous plants grow in their native countries.
- Exotic plants are not native.
Commercial Origin
- Commercial origin relates to the production and trade channels of the drug.
- example: English Hyoscymus leaves gathered from England.
Cultivated vs. Wild Plants
- Cultivated plants have high production costs, easy accessibility, and more consistent supply, usually supported by well-trained workers and improving soil conditions.
- Wild plants are less expensive to gather and have a sparse and inconsistent supply, gathered by unskilled workers and impacting soil.
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Description
This quiz focuses on important terms and plant nomenclature related to medicinal plants as covered in PHG 101 Lecture 2. It includes topics like pharmacopoeias, folk medicine, phytotherapy, and distinctions between complementary and alternative medicine.
