The Pharmacopoeia and Medicinal Plants
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Questions and Answers

What is the recommended season for collecting bark from trees?

  • Any time of year
  • Spring or early summer (correct)
  • Winter
  • Fall
  • When should fruits be collected to ensure they are at the proper maturity level?

  • Immediately after flowering
  • Before they show any color change
  • When they are overripened
  • At full maturity but not completely ripened (correct)
  • What is the primary method for removing soil from underground drugs before drying?

  • Shaking and brushing (correct)
  • Brushing only
  • Drying in the sun
  • Washing under a stream of water
  • What is garbling in the context of drug treatment?

    <p>Removing foreign matter from collected drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following unorganized drugs requires collection in dry weather?

    <p>Resins and gums</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a pharmacopoeia?

    <p>To list all official drugs with their descriptions and usage requirements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a disadvantage of collecting wild plants for medicinal use?

    <p>Collections can lead to the extinction of the plant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is the best time of year to collect rhubarb for its medicinal properties?

    <p>In summer when it contains anthraquinones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stage of development do solanaceous leaves have the highest alkaloid content?

    <p>At the flowering stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is necessary for the optimal collection of flowers?

    <p>Collecting in fine, dry weather</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is important regarding the timing of collecting cardiac glycosides in Digitalis?

    <p>Afternoon collection is preferred to ensure higher levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should cloves be collected for their medicinal use?

    <p>At the bud stage before fruiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of improper collection practices of wild medicinal plants?

    <p>Adulteration due to untrained collectors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    The Pharmacopoeia

    • A governmental publication outlining official drugs for human consumption
    • Includes descriptions, requirements, and suitability for use
    • Examples include British Pharmacopoeia (B.P), United States Pharmacopoeia (U.S.P), and Egyptian Pharmacopoeia (E.P)
    • The first Egyptian Pharmacopoeia was published in English in 1953 and in Arabic in 1961

    Disadvantages of Collecting Wild Plants for Medicinal Uses

    • Plants are distributed over vast areas, making collection challenging
    • Transportation is difficult for plants in remote locations like deserts or forests
    • Continuous collection can lead to plant extinction
    • Ignorance of collectors can lead to adulteration (contamination with unwanted substances)
    • Collected amount often insufficient to meet market demand

    Proper Time for Collection

    • Time of Year:
      • Active constituent content varies throughout the year
        • Rhubarb contains anthranols in winter and anthraquinones in summer
    • Time of Day:
      • Digitalis contains varying amounts of cardiac glycosides depending on the time of day
        • More in the afternoon than the morning

    Proper Stage of Development

    • Solanaceous Leaves:
      • Contain maximum alkaloid content during the flowering stage
    • Santonica Flowers:
      • Rich in the bitter principle santonin before expansion, decreasing as they expand

    Collection of Specific Plant Parts

    • Leaves:
      • Collect during flowering stage when plants are healthy
      • Dry weather is essential
    • Flowers:
      • Collect in fine, dry weather to preserve color
      • Gather during pollination, before fruit formation
        • Cloves are collected in buds
        • Chammomile flowers are collected after full expansion
    • Barks:
      • Collect in spring or early summer when cambium is active
      • Longitudinal and round incisions are made to strip off bark
    • Fruits:
      • Collect near ripening season when fully mature but not fully ripened
      • Gather in dry weather
        • Colocynth is an example
    • Seeds:
      • Collect mature seeds from fruits at the ripening stage
        • Fenugreek is an example
    • Unorganized Drugs (Resins, Gums, Latex):
      • Collect in dry weather, excluding vegetable debris
      • Acquired through incisions that shape the resulting drug
        • Acacia gum is an example

    Treatment of Drugs Before Drying

    • Cleaning:
      • Removes soil particles from underground organs by shaking, brushing, or washing
    • Decortication:
      • Removes undesirable tissues from certain drugs like Ginger and Cinnamon
    • Garbling:
      • Removal of foreign matter (sand, dirt, other plant parts) by hand or machine
    • Metallic Particles Removal:
      • Achieved by passing drugs over a magnet
    • Limits on Foreign Material:
      • Pharmacopoeias set limits on acceptable foreign material levels. Full removal is not practical.

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    Description

    Explore the essential details of pharmacopoeias, including their role in listing official drugs and their requirements for human consumption. Understand the challenges of collecting wild plants for medicinal uses, considering factors like collection time and sustainability.

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