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Questions and Answers
What is the recommended season for collecting bark from trees?
When should fruits be collected to ensure they are at the proper maturity level?
What is the primary method for removing soil from underground drugs before drying?
What is garbling in the context of drug treatment?
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Which of the following unorganized drugs requires collection in dry weather?
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What is the primary purpose of a pharmacopoeia?
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Which of the following is a disadvantage of collecting wild plants for medicinal use?
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When is the best time of year to collect rhubarb for its medicinal properties?
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What stage of development do solanaceous leaves have the highest alkaloid content?
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What condition is necessary for the optimal collection of flowers?
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What is important regarding the timing of collecting cardiac glycosides in Digitalis?
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When should cloves be collected for their medicinal use?
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What is the consequence of improper collection practices of wild medicinal plants?
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Study Notes
The Pharmacopoeia
- A governmental publication outlining official drugs for human consumption
- Includes descriptions, requirements, and suitability for use
- Examples include British Pharmacopoeia (B.P), United States Pharmacopoeia (U.S.P), and Egyptian Pharmacopoeia (E.P)
- The first Egyptian Pharmacopoeia was published in English in 1953 and in Arabic in 1961
Disadvantages of Collecting Wild Plants for Medicinal Uses
- Plants are distributed over vast areas, making collection challenging
- Transportation is difficult for plants in remote locations like deserts or forests
- Continuous collection can lead to plant extinction
- Ignorance of collectors can lead to adulteration (contamination with unwanted substances)
- Collected amount often insufficient to meet market demand
Proper Time for Collection
-
Time of Year:
- Active constituent content varies throughout the year
- Rhubarb contains anthranols in winter and anthraquinones in summer
- Active constituent content varies throughout the year
-
Time of Day:
- Digitalis contains varying amounts of cardiac glycosides depending on the time of day
- More in the afternoon than the morning
- Digitalis contains varying amounts of cardiac glycosides depending on the time of day
Proper Stage of Development
-
Solanaceous Leaves:
- Contain maximum alkaloid content during the flowering stage
-
Santonica Flowers:
- Rich in the bitter principle santonin before expansion, decreasing as they expand
Collection of Specific Plant Parts
-
Leaves:
- Collect during flowering stage when plants are healthy
- Dry weather is essential
-
Flowers:
- Collect in fine, dry weather to preserve color
- Gather during pollination, before fruit formation
- Cloves are collected in buds
- Chammomile flowers are collected after full expansion
-
Barks:
- Collect in spring or early summer when cambium is active
- Longitudinal and round incisions are made to strip off bark
-
Fruits:
- Collect near ripening season when fully mature but not fully ripened
- Gather in dry weather
- Colocynth is an example
-
Seeds:
- Collect mature seeds from fruits at the ripening stage
- Fenugreek is an example
- Collect mature seeds from fruits at the ripening stage
-
Unorganized Drugs (Resins, Gums, Latex):
- Collect in dry weather, excluding vegetable debris
- Acquired through incisions that shape the resulting drug
- Acacia gum is an example
Treatment of Drugs Before Drying
-
Cleaning:
- Removes soil particles from underground organs by shaking, brushing, or washing
-
Decortication:
- Removes undesirable tissues from certain drugs like Ginger and Cinnamon
-
Garbling:
- Removal of foreign matter (sand, dirt, other plant parts) by hand or machine
-
Metallic Particles Removal:
- Achieved by passing drugs over a magnet
-
Limits on Foreign Material:
- Pharmacopoeias set limits on acceptable foreign material levels. Full removal is not practical.
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Description
Explore the essential details of pharmacopoeias, including their role in listing official drugs and their requirements for human consumption. Understand the challenges of collecting wild plants for medicinal uses, considering factors like collection time and sustainability.
