Medicinal Drugs and Analgesics Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of medicinal drugs?

  • To improve brain function
  • To provide nutrition to the body
  • To enhance physical performance
  • To treat diseases or relieve pain (correct)

    • Which of the following describes an analgesic?

  • A drug that increases metabolic rate
  • A medication used to promote relaxation
  • A treatment for respiratory infections
  • A substance that reduces or eliminates pain (correct)

    • What is a characteristic of an effective drug?

  • It is nontoxic and has no side effects (correct)
  • It is highly addictive
  • It causes mild side effects
  • It is always derived from plants

    • Which of the following is a type of analgesic used to lower fever?

    <p>Tylenol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Aspirin's active ingredient is known as what?

    <p>Acetylsalicylic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of drug is used to reduce inflammation of the muscles and joints?

    <p>Anti-rheumatics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is NOT a method through which medicinal drugs can be obtained?

    <p>Genetic modification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What additional substances are commonly included in drug formulations to aid the drug's performance?

    <p>Inert ingredients or drug additives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the general categories of anti-inflammatory agents?

    <p>Steroidal and non-steroidal agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a side effect of steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs?

    <p>Fluid retention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic is classified as bactericidal?

    <p>Streptomycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of local anesthetics?

    <p>To block the transmission of nerve impulses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential consequence of an overdose of aspirin?

    <p>Increased respiratory rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes broad spectrum antibiotics?

    <p>Effective against a variety of microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an injectable general anesthetic?

    <p>Penthiobarbital</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reaction takes place when an effervescent antacid dissolves in water?

    <p>NaHCO3 + HCl → NaCl + H2O + CO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one reason physicians use a combination of antibiotics?

    <p>To prevent the emergence of resistant bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect of most antibiotics?

    <p>Diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential side effect of benzodiazepines when overdosed?

    <p>Muscle rigidity, coma, and death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should the use of broad spectrum antibiotics be restricted?

    <p>They may kill beneficial bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do anti-acids primarily neutralize?

    <p>Excessive gastric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about general anesthetics is false?

    <p>They always require hospitalization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used for bacteria that cannot be eradicated by antibiotics?

    <p>Resistant bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about bacteria resistance is true?

    <p>Some bacteria produce enzymes that deactivate antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of anti-inflammatory drugs?

    <p>To reduce or eliminate inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining symptom of depression?

    <p>Loss of interest and pleasure in activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which active ingredient is found in Maalox?

    <p>Magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible overdose effect of barbiturates?

    <p>Coma and death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might using two antagonistic antibiotics be considered a poor strategy?

    <p>It may lead to negative interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cocaine is mentioned in the context of what type of anesthetic?

    <p>Local anesthetic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What classification do anxieties fall under?

    <p>Normal and pathological</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the state of intoxication from overdose of tranquilizers often resemble?

    <p>Drunkenness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Medicinal Drugs

    • Medicinal drugs treat diseases or relieve pain.
    • Drugs originate from diverse sources: synthesis, fermentation, microbial cultures, animal sources, and plant sources.
    • An effective drug is non-toxic and has no adverse effects like allergic reactions or diarrhea. Effectiveness shouldn't be diminished by bodily substances like stomach acid.

    Drug Formulations and Additives

    • Drugs are formulated (shaped) into tablets, capsules, liquids, sprays, ointments, and suppositories.
    • Drugs contain active ingredients and inert (inactive) ingredients.
    • Inert ingredients are additives that contribute to the drug's form and function (e.g., binders, coatings, and disintegrants).

    Characteristics of Analgesics

    • Analgesics reduce or eliminate pain.
    • Types of Analgesics:
      • Narcotic: drugs like morphine and codeine for moderate pain relief.
      • Anti-pyretic: drugs used to reduce fever
      • Anti-rheumatic: drugs used to reduce inflammation in muscles and joints.
    • Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) is a common pain reliever, but side effects include stomach bleeding. Alternative drugs, like Panadol and Tylenol, are milder on the stomach.

    Anesthetics

    • Anesthetics cause a loss of sensation (pain, heat, cold).
    • Two types: Local and General
      • Local anesthetics temporarily numb small areas, often used in minor surgeries. Examples include cocaine and ethyl chloride.
      • General anesthetics cause widespread loss of sensation and consciousness through injection or inhalation (e.g., diethyl ether, pentobarbital).
      • Potential side effects for general anesthetics include coma and death with overdose.

    Anti-Acids

    • Anti-acids treat excess stomach acid.
    • These contain basic active ingredients like sodium bicarbonate, magnesium hydroxide, and calcium carbonate, that neutralize the acid.

    Anti-inflammatory Drugs

    • These drugs reduce or eliminate inflammation.
    • Two main types:
      • Steroidal: Based on steroid structures.
      • Nonsteroidal: include salicylates like aspirin, as well as others.
    • Side effects from overdose can include stomach distress, nausea, and diarrhea.

    Antibiotics

    • Chemicals that kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms.
    • Can be bactericidal (bacteria), or fungicidal (fungi).
    • Examples include penicillin, sulfadiazine, and streptomycin.
    • Overuse or high doses can lead to side effects such as diarrhea, dizziness, and heart muscle contractions.
    • Antibiotics can be classified broad-spectrum or narrow-spectrum (effective against specific micro-organisms)

    Antibiotic Resistance

    • Bacteria might adapt over time to become resistant to certain antibiotics.
    • Resistance mechanisms can be natural or acquired through genetic modification.
    • Combining antibiotics can sometimes be a less effective strategy if they interact badly.

    Tranquilizers

    • Tranquilizers help to reduce anxiety and agitation.
    • Commonly prescribed tranquilizers include benzodiazepines (e.g., diazepam, chlorodiazepoxide).
    • Side effects from high doses include intoxication, drowsiness and coma.

    Anti-depressants

    • Drugs used to treat depression.
    • Symptoms include persistent sadness and loss of interest or pleasure.
    • Barbiturates, a type of anti-depressant, can be associated with coma and death from overdose.

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    Related Documents

    Current Medicinal Drugs PDF

    Description

    Explore the essential concepts of medicinal drugs, including their origins and formulations. This quiz also covers the characteristics and types of analgesics, detailing how different drugs are designed to relieve pain effectively. Test your understanding of drug types and their applications.

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