Pain and Analgesics

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Questions and Answers

Which type of pain is usually acute in nature and is a very common important symptom for which the patient seeks urgent medical attention?

  • Nociceptive pain (correct)
  • Mixed pain
  • Psychogenic pain
  • Neuropathic pain

Which type of COX is induced in the presence of injury and inflammation?

  • COX-3
  • COX-1
  • COX-2 (correct)
  • COX-4

Which analgesic relieves pain as a symptom without affecting its cause?

  • Adjuvant analgesic
  • Opioid analgesic
  • Antipyretic
  • Non-opioid analgesic (correct)

Which drug selectively relieves pain by acting in the CNS or on peripheral pain mechanisms, without significantly altering consciousness?

<p>Analgesic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the exception among non-selective NSAIDs because it leads to irreversible COX-1 and COX-2 inhibition?

<p>Aspirin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) in terms of platelet aggregation?

<p>Irreversible COX-1 inhibition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the onset of antiplatelet action of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid)?

<p>7 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the effects of low dose aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid)?

<p>10 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of ibuprofen?

<p>Reversible inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which analgesic drug attaches an acetyl group to COX leading to irreversible COX-1 and COX-2 inhibition?

<p>Aspirin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary protective nature of pain (algesia)?

<p>To alert the body of imminent danger (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of pain is traumatic, acute in nature, and commonly leads patients to seek urgent medical attention?

<p>Acute nociceptive pain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of low-dose aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) on platelet aggregation?

<p>Irreversible inhibition of TXA2 synthesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is a normal constituent in the gastric mucosa, kidney, and platelets for homeostasis?

<p>COX-1 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of non-selective NSAIDs like diclofenac and indomethacin?

<p>Reversible inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for using analgesics when the noxious stimulus (evoking pain) cannot be removed?

<p>To act as an adjuvant to etiologic approach to pain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) on prostacyclin and prostaglandin synthesis?

<p>Irreversible inhibition of both prostacyclin and prostaglandin synthesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of COX-2 in the body?

<p>Selective induction in the presence of injury and inflammation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter system imbalance is associated with Parkinson's disease?

<p>Dopamine/Acetylcholine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary neurotransmitter targeted by antiepileptic drugs such as lamotrigine and topiramate?

<p>Glutamate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter imbalance is primarily implicated in schizophrenia?

<p>Dopamine/GABA (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which class of drugs is primarily used to reduce dopaminergic overactivity in conditions like schizophrenia?

<p>Antipsychotic drugs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter system imbalance is associated with myasthenia gravis?

<p>Serotonin/Acetylcholine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is implicated in Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology?

<p>Acetylcholine (ACh) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which therapeutic approach may slow the progression of Alzheimer's disease?

<p>N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What neurotransmitter imbalance is thought to be involved in anxiety?

<p>Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter imbalance may be a factor in depression?

<p>Glutamate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What neurotransmitter imbalance is associated with mania?

<p>Dopamine (DA) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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