Medicinal Drugs and Analgesics Overview
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Questions and Answers

Medicinal drugs are substances used for what?

  • Treating diseases or relieving pain (correct)
  • Creating diseases or relieving pain
  • Only treating diseases, not relieving pain
  • None of the above

    • Drugs are only synthesized in laboratories.

    False

    A drug is considered effective if it is _______ and if it has no _______.

  • toxic, no side effects
  • nontoxic, side effects (correct)
  • toxic, side effects
  • nontoxic, no side effects

    • Drugs can be classified according to their _______.

    <p>shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The inert ingredients in drugs are the active ingredients.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three groups of analgesics?

    <p>Narcotic, anti-pyretic, anti-rheumatics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the active ingredient in aspirin?

    <p>acetylsalicylic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the side effects of aspirin?

    <p>Severe damage to the stomach leading to significant bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The name of the active ingredient is given according to the World Health Organization (___)

    <p>WHO</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Anesthetics are substances that produce analgesia.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main categories of anesthetics?

    <p>Local anesthetics and general anesthetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Local anesthetics act directly on nerve cells to block their ability to transmit impulses down their axons.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Local anesthetics are used for major surgeries.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a local anesthetic used as a spray?

    <p>Ethyl chloride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    General anesthetics are irreversible depressants of the central nervous system.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can general anesthetics be administered?

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following general anesthetics with their method of administration:

    <p>Diethyl ether = Inhaled Penthiobarbital = Intravenous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An overdose of general anesthetics may lead to coma and death.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do anti-acids treat?

    <p>Problems caused by excessive gastric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these are examples of basic active ingredients in anti-acids?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Anti-acids are weak bases.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Effervescent antacids are a mixture of sodium bicarbonate and cirri acid or tartaric acid.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Anti-inflammatory drugs are substances that increase inflammation.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Inflammation is a reaction of tissues to injuries.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Anti-inflammatory agents can be divided into two main groups: _______ and _______.

    <p>Steroidal anti-inflammatory agents and Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Salicylates are often used to treat arthritis.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cortisone and hydrocortisone are examples of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some side effects of steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs?

    <p>Fluid retention, unwanted hair, excessive weight, obesity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Antibiotics are chemicals, produced by microorganisms, that kill or inhibit the growth of other microorganisms.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these are examples of commonly used antibiotics? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Penicillin G</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Antibiotics that kill bacteria are called bactericidal.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An overdose of antibiotics can cause diarrhea.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Antibiotics can be classified into ______ antibiotics and ______ antibiotics.

    <p>Broad spectrum, narrow spectrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Broad spectrum antibiotics are effective against specific microorganisms.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    It is important to restrict the use of broad spectrum antibiotics.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A bacterium that cannot be eradicated by an antibiotic is called a resistant bacteria.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bacteria resistance to antibiotics can only be natural.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Some bacteria have the capacity to break antibiotics down into inactive forms.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Combination antibiotics should always be used.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tranquillizers are substances used to sedate without including or causing sleep.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some examples of benzodiazepines?

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Anti-depressants are drugs for treating depression.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are typical symptoms of depression? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Continuous sadness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Barbiturates such as phenobarbital and secobarbital are among the most prescribed antidepressants.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Medicinal Drugs

    • Medicinal drugs treat diseases or relieve pain
    • Drugs originate from various sources: synthesis, fermentation, extraction from animals or plants
    • Effective drugs are non-toxic and lack side effects like allergic reactions or diarrhea
    • Drug effectiveness isn't diminished by stomach acid
    • Drugs are classified by form (tablets, capsules, liquids, sprays, ointments, suppositories)

    Drug Composition

    • Drugs usually contain an active ingredient and inert ingredients (additives)
    • Inert ingredients like binders, filters, lubricants, and coatings ensure tablet form, shape and size

    Analgesics

    • Analgesics reduce or eliminate pain
    • Classified into:
      • Narcotic: moderate pain relief (e.g., morphine, codeine)
      • Anti-pyretic: reduce fever
      • Anti-rheumatic: ease muscle and joint inflammation

    Aspirin

    • Effective pain reliever with acetylsalicylic acid as active ingredient
    • Side effect: stomach damage and bleeding
    • Alternative drugs (Panadol, Tylenol) can be used to avoid stomach irritation

    Anesthetics

    • Anesthetics produce a state of pain insensitivity
    • Local anesthetics: temporary pain relief in a specific body area (e.g., surgery, dentistry)
    • General anesthetics: reversible central nervous system depressants causing loss of sensation and consciousness; can be inhaled or intravenous, with potential death risk from overdose

    Anti-Acids

    • Neutralize excess stomach acid (HCl)
    • Contain basic ingredients like sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3)
    • Can relieve symptoms associated with over-production of stomach acid

    Anti-inflammatory Drugs

    • Reduce or eliminate inflammation
    • Classified into steroidal and non-steroidal groups
    • Several possible side effects, dosage dependent

    Antibiotics

    • Chemicals derived from a microorganism, or synthetically, to kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms
    • Bactericidal: kill bacteria; Fungicidal: kills fungi
    • Examples: penicillin, sulfadiazine, streptomycin
    • Potential side effects include diarrhea and severe reactions if dosage excessive

    Bacteria Resistance

    • Bacteria can develop resistance to antibiotics. Mechanisms include genetic modifications or acquired resistance (e.g., enzymes that modify or destroy antibiotics).

    Tranquillizers

    • Sedatives that reduce anxiety, excitement, and restlessness.
    • Benzodiazepines, like diazepam, are commonly used
    • Overdose can lead to drowsiness, coma and death. Side effects vary depending on drug, dose, and patient factors.

    Anti-depressants

    • Treat depression
    • Typical symptoms include: continuous sadness, loss of interest, reduced pleasure in activities
    • Certain barbiturate subclasses are antidepressants; potential overdose effects include coma and death.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the fundamental aspects of medicinal drugs including their sources, composition, and classifications. It delves into specific drug types such as analgesics and discusses well-known examples like aspirin. Test your knowledge on the effects and uses of medicinal drugs to better understand this essential field.

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