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Questions and Answers
Medicinal drugs are substances used for what?
Medicinal drugs are substances used for what?
- Treating diseases or relieving pain (correct)
- Creating diseases or relieving pain
- Only treating diseases, not relieving pain
- None of the above
Drugs are only synthesized in laboratories.
Drugs are only synthesized in laboratories.
False (B)
A drug is considered effective if it is _______ and if it has no _______.
A drug is considered effective if it is _______ and if it has no _______.
- toxic, no side effects
- nontoxic, side effects (correct)
- toxic, side effects
- nontoxic, no side effects
Drugs can be classified according to their _______.
Drugs can be classified according to their _______.
The inert ingredients in drugs are the active ingredients.
The inert ingredients in drugs are the active ingredients.
What are the three groups of analgesics?
What are the three groups of analgesics?
What is the active ingredient in aspirin?
What is the active ingredient in aspirin?
What are the side effects of aspirin?
What are the side effects of aspirin?
The name of the active ingredient is given according to the World Health Organization (___)
The name of the active ingredient is given according to the World Health Organization (___)
Anesthetics are substances that produce analgesia.
Anesthetics are substances that produce analgesia.
What are the two main categories of anesthetics?
What are the two main categories of anesthetics?
Local anesthetics act directly on nerve cells to block their ability to transmit impulses down their axons.
Local anesthetics act directly on nerve cells to block their ability to transmit impulses down their axons.
Local anesthetics are used for major surgeries.
Local anesthetics are used for major surgeries.
What is an example of a local anesthetic used as a spray?
What is an example of a local anesthetic used as a spray?
General anesthetics are irreversible depressants of the central nervous system.
General anesthetics are irreversible depressants of the central nervous system.
How can general anesthetics be administered?
How can general anesthetics be administered?
Match the following general anesthetics with their method of administration:
Match the following general anesthetics with their method of administration:
An overdose of general anesthetics may lead to coma and death.
An overdose of general anesthetics may lead to coma and death.
What do anti-acids treat?
What do anti-acids treat?
Which of these are examples of basic active ingredients in anti-acids?
Which of these are examples of basic active ingredients in anti-acids?
Anti-acids are weak bases.
Anti-acids are weak bases.
Effervescent antacids are a mixture of sodium bicarbonate and cirri acid or tartaric acid.
Effervescent antacids are a mixture of sodium bicarbonate and cirri acid or tartaric acid.
Anti-inflammatory drugs are substances that increase inflammation.
Anti-inflammatory drugs are substances that increase inflammation.
Inflammation is a reaction of tissues to injuries.
Inflammation is a reaction of tissues to injuries.
Anti-inflammatory agents can be divided into two main groups: _______ and _______.
Anti-inflammatory agents can be divided into two main groups: _______ and _______.
Salicylates are often used to treat arthritis.
Salicylates are often used to treat arthritis.
Cortisone and hydrocortisone are examples of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Cortisone and hydrocortisone are examples of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
What are some side effects of steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs?
What are some side effects of steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs?
Antibiotics are chemicals, produced by microorganisms, that kill or inhibit the growth of other microorganisms.
Antibiotics are chemicals, produced by microorganisms, that kill or inhibit the growth of other microorganisms.
Which of these are examples of commonly used antibiotics? (Select all that apply)
Which of these are examples of commonly used antibiotics? (Select all that apply)
Antibiotics that kill bacteria are called bactericidal.
Antibiotics that kill bacteria are called bactericidal.
An overdose of antibiotics can cause diarrhea.
An overdose of antibiotics can cause diarrhea.
Antibiotics can be classified into ______ antibiotics and ______ antibiotics.
Antibiotics can be classified into ______ antibiotics and ______ antibiotics.
Broad spectrum antibiotics are effective against specific microorganisms.
Broad spectrum antibiotics are effective against specific microorganisms.
It is important to restrict the use of broad spectrum antibiotics.
It is important to restrict the use of broad spectrum antibiotics.
A bacterium that cannot be eradicated by an antibiotic is called a resistant bacteria.
A bacterium that cannot be eradicated by an antibiotic is called a resistant bacteria.
Bacteria resistance to antibiotics can only be natural.
Bacteria resistance to antibiotics can only be natural.
Some bacteria have the capacity to break antibiotics down into inactive forms.
Some bacteria have the capacity to break antibiotics down into inactive forms.
Combination antibiotics should always be used.
Combination antibiotics should always be used.
Tranquillizers are substances used to sedate without including or causing sleep.
Tranquillizers are substances used to sedate without including or causing sleep.
What are some examples of benzodiazepines?
What are some examples of benzodiazepines?
Anti-depressants are drugs for treating depression.
Anti-depressants are drugs for treating depression.
Which of the following are typical symptoms of depression? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following are typical symptoms of depression? (Select all that apply)
Barbiturates such as phenobarbital and secobarbital are among the most prescribed antidepressants.
Barbiturates such as phenobarbital and secobarbital are among the most prescribed antidepressants.
Flashcards
What are medicinal drugs?
What are medicinal drugs?
Substances used for treating diseases or relieving pain.
What are analgesics?
What are analgesics?
A substance that reduces or eliminates pain.
What are narcotic analgesics?
What are narcotic analgesics?
A group of analgesics that reduce moderate pain, with morphine and codeine as examples.
What are anti-pyretic analgesics?
What are anti-pyretic analgesics?
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What are anti-rheumatic analgesics?
What are anti-rheumatic analgesics?
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What is a generic name?
What is a generic name?
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What are anesthetics?
What are anesthetics?
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What are local anesthetics?
What are local anesthetics?
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What are general anesthetics?
What are general anesthetics?
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What are anti-acids?
What are anti-acids?
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What are anti-inflammatory drugs?
What are anti-inflammatory drugs?
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What are steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs?
What are steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs?
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What are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs?
What are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs?
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What are antibiotics?
What are antibiotics?
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What are bactericidal antibiotics?
What are bactericidal antibiotics?
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What are bacteriostatic antibiotics?
What are bacteriostatic antibiotics?
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What are fungicidal antibiotics?
What are fungicidal antibiotics?
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What are broad spectrum antibiotics?
What are broad spectrum antibiotics?
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What are narrow spectrum antibiotics?
What are narrow spectrum antibiotics?
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What is a resistant bacterium?
What is a resistant bacterium?
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What is a synergistic combination of antibiotics?
What is a synergistic combination of antibiotics?
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What is an antagonistic combination of antibiotics?
What is an antagonistic combination of antibiotics?
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What are tranquillizers?
What are tranquillizers?
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What is anxiety?
What is anxiety?
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What are antidepressants?
What are antidepressants?
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What are barbiturates?
What are barbiturates?
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What are drug additives?
What are drug additives?
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Study Notes
Medicinal Drugs
- Medicinal drugs treat diseases or relieve pain
- Drugs originate from various sources: synthesis, fermentation, extraction from animals or plants
- Effective drugs are non-toxic and lack side effects like allergic reactions or diarrhea
- Drug effectiveness isn't diminished by stomach acid
- Drugs are classified by form (tablets, capsules, liquids, sprays, ointments, suppositories)
Drug Composition
- Drugs usually contain an active ingredient and inert ingredients (additives)
- Inert ingredients like binders, filters, lubricants, and coatings ensure tablet form, shape and size
Analgesics
- Analgesics reduce or eliminate pain
- Classified into:
- Narcotic: moderate pain relief (e.g., morphine, codeine)
- Anti-pyretic: reduce fever
- Anti-rheumatic: ease muscle and joint inflammation
Aspirin
- Effective pain reliever with acetylsalicylic acid as active ingredient
- Side effect: stomach damage and bleeding
- Alternative drugs (Panadol, Tylenol) can be used to avoid stomach irritation
Anesthetics
- Anesthetics produce a state of pain insensitivity
- Local anesthetics: temporary pain relief in a specific body area (e.g., surgery, dentistry)
- General anesthetics: reversible central nervous system depressants causing loss of sensation and consciousness; can be inhaled or intravenous, with potential death risk from overdose
Anti-Acids
- Neutralize excess stomach acid (HCl)
- Contain basic ingredients like sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3)
- Can relieve symptoms associated with over-production of stomach acid
Anti-inflammatory Drugs
- Reduce or eliminate inflammation
- Classified into steroidal and non-steroidal groups
- Several possible side effects, dosage dependent
Antibiotics
- Chemicals derived from a microorganism, or synthetically, to kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms
- Bactericidal: kill bacteria; Fungicidal: kills fungi
- Examples: penicillin, sulfadiazine, streptomycin
- Potential side effects include diarrhea and severe reactions if dosage excessive
Bacteria Resistance
- Bacteria can develop resistance to antibiotics. Mechanisms include genetic modifications or acquired resistance (e.g., enzymes that modify or destroy antibiotics).
Tranquillizers
- Sedatives that reduce anxiety, excitement, and restlessness.
- Benzodiazepines, like diazepam, are commonly used
- Overdose can lead to drowsiness, coma and death. Side effects vary depending on drug, dose, and patient factors.
Anti-depressants
- Treat depression
- Typical symptoms include: continuous sadness, loss of interest, reduced pleasure in activities
- Certain barbiturate subclasses are antidepressants; potential overdose effects include coma and death.
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