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Compliance is the extent to which the patient’s behaviour matches the prescriber’s ______.
recommendations
Concordance involves a two-way exchange between healthcare professionals and the patient to agree on therapeutic ______.
decisions
Adherence reflects how well the patient’s actions meet the prescriber’s ______.
expectations
Non-adherence limits the benefits of ______.
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Approximately 30% of drug-related hospital admissions are due to ______.
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Measurement of adherence rate includes the percentage of prescribed doses actually ______.
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Nonadherence can be categorized as either unintentional or ______.
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Chronic conditions often lead to higher rates of ______.
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The patient-centred consultation method supports shared ______, self-care, and self-management.
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Pharmacists should provide patients with the space to find their own ______ to an issue.
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When counselling patients, consider the ‘Four E’s Triangle’ to structure the consultation: Explore, Educate, Enable, and ______.
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During the 'Explore' phase, pharmacists ask questions to understand what the patient already ______ about their medicines.
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Providing the most important ______ about the medicine to the patient is key in the 'Educate' phase.
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Barrier to adherence: ______ (30%) due to complex regimens.
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The percentage of patients focusing on ______ over medication is 16%.
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A lack of ______ about medicines accounts for 9% of adherence issues.
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Emotional factors contribute to ______% of adherence barriers.
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In HIV treatment, a minimum of ______% adherence to HAART is necessary.
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Hypertension is often asymptomatic, making ______ a challenge for adherence.
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50% of patients on ______ do not continue treatment within 3 months.
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Pharmacists play a crucial role in ______ communication with patients.
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The ______ Model describes factors affecting behavior related to medication adherence.
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Patients need ______ to afford their medicines on local schemes.
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A patient is less likely to take a prophylactic treatment rather than an active ______.
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Adherence support from a ______ can help improve medication regimen compliance.
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The COM-B model addresses the 'capability' of a patient to adhere to their medication ______.
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Sometimes it is important to address the 'motivation' of a patient to adhere to a medication ______.
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Unintentional ______ can occur when patients forget or misunderstand their medication instructions.
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CHD stands for ______ heart disease.
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Health literacy (HL) includes cognitive and social skills that influence the ability to ______ health information.
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Personal health literacy measures an individual's ability to find, understand, and use health-related ______.
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Organizational health literacy refers to how organizations enable individuals to find and use health-related ______.
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The World Health Organization (WHO) defines health literacy as skills that help individuals promote and maintain good ______.
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The average sentence length should be between 15 to 20 ______.
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The Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults is abbreviated as ______.
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Using a clear font such as Arial or Verdana is important for ______.
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The Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine measures the ability to pronounce 66 medical ______.
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It is recommended to be personal and ______ when writing in plain English.
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The eHealth Literacy Scale, abbreviated as ______, evaluates patients' comfort in finding health information.
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One of the general tips for using plain English is to define any essential ______.
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NVS stands for Nutritional ______ and evaluates reading and numeracy skills.
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The ______ of reading literacy for REALM is based on medical terminology proficiency.
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In plain English writing, using signposts such as tables of contents and ______ lists is important.
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Study Notes
Definitions of Medication Adherence
- Compliance: Patient's actions aligning with prescriber's recommendations
- Concordance: Two-way communication between prescriber and patient, incorporating patient preferences and beliefs.
- Adherence: Patient's actions meeting prescriber's recommendations, accepting that the patient's beliefs and preferences influence medicine-taking.
Importance of Adherence
- Drugs are ineffective in patients who don't take them.
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Non-adherence leads to:
- Reduced benefits of medications
- Significant personal and public costs
- Up to 69% of drug-related hospital admissions
- High organ rejection rates in renal transplant patients
- Increased symptoms and overall health deterioration
Adherence Measurement
- Percentage of prescribed doses taken
- Percentage of prescribed doses taken at the correct time
- No set definition of adequate adherence:
- Some clinical trials aim for 80% adherence
- Others aim for >95% adherence for conditions like HIV
Nonadherence
- Multifactorial, with two main categories:
- Unintentional (involuntary): Difficulty remembering, forgetting
- Intentional (voluntary): Concerns about side effects, lack of belief in medication's efficacy
- More common in chronic conditions:
- Over 50% of patients on statins discontinue their medications within 6 months.
Barriers to Adherence
- Forgetfulness (30%): Complex medication regimens, lack of routine
- Other priorities (16%): Underestimating importance of medication
- Decision to omit doses (11%): Concerns about cost, lifestyle disruption
- Lack of information (9%): Limited knowledge about medication and condition
- Emotional factors (7%): Fear of side effects, anxiety
Specific Challenges with Adherence
- HIV treatment: Requires at least 95% adherence to HAART
- Hypertension treatment: Asymptomatic condition with medications that have side effects
- Psychiatric illness: High discontinuation rates with antidepressants
- Paediatric patients: Adherence challenges due to developmental stages
Pharmacist Role in Adherence
- Education: Providing clear and relevant information about medication
- Communication: Understanding patient concerns and facilitating informed decision-making
- Interventions: Simplifying medication usage, reviewing and adjusting regimens
Factors Affecting Behavior (COM-B Model)
- Capability: Physical and psychological ability to take medication
- Opportunity: External factors that enable or hinder medication taking
- Motivation: Conscious and unconscious influences on behavior
Adherence Support from Pharmacist
- Address patient's capability, motivation, and opportunity to adhere to medication regimens.
Clinical Decision Aid - Statins
- Resources available to support patient decision-making regarding statins, such as online decision aids.
Definitions of Health Literacy
- Health Literacy (HL): Capacity of individuals to find, understand, and use information for their health
- Personal health literacy: Individual's ability to understand and use health information
- Organizational health literacy: Organizational ability to provide individuals with accessible and understandable health information.
Health Literacy: Different Types
- Spoken: Tone of voice, language used
- Written: Language, formatting, visual aids
- Digital: Apps, online tools, websites
- Organizational: Policies, communication practices, environment
General Tips for Using Plain English
- Consider the audience and purpose of communication
- Use simple, direct language
- Define jargon and abbreviations
- Employ clear fonts
- Maintain concise sentences
- Use clear structure with headings, lists, and tables
Formal Assessments of Health Literacy
- REALM (Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine): Assesses reading ability by pronouncing medical terms
- TOFHLA (Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults): Measures reading and numeracy skills using medical passages and questions
- eHEALS (eHealth Literacy Scale): Assesses patient's knowledge, comfort, and skills in using electronic health information.
Health Coaching
- A patient-centered approach supporting shared decision-making and self-management skills.
- Aims to:
- Increase patient awareness of their health issues
- Empower patients to take responsibility for their health
- Focuses on enabling patients to find their own solutions, not just providing them.
Patient Consultations about Adherence
- Pharmacists play a crucial role in counseling patients to promote adherence
- Consultation goals:
- Empowering patients to make informed decisions
- Understanding patient's knowledge, concerns, and preferences
-
Four E's Triangle:
- Explore: Gather patient information and understanding
- Educate: Provide relevant and tailored information
- Enable: Provide practical support and tools
- Empower: Encourage patient ownership and self-management.
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Description
This quiz focuses on the definitions of medication adherence, including compliance, concordance, and adherence itself. It highlights the critical importance of adherence for effective treatment and the consequences of non-adherence on health outcomes. Test your knowledge on how adherence is measured and its significance in clinical practice.
